基于两相流模拟的高抗堵滴灌灌水器开发方法

提出了一种基于两相流(水和固相物)数值模拟并结合快速原形/快速制模(RP/RT)技术的滴灌灌水器快速低成本开发方法,辅助新型灌水器设计与开发.对比传统的开发方法,该方法不仅保证了灌水器高的抗堵塞性能,而且其开发成本和周期均降低超过70%以上.灌水器内流场两相流模拟采用了分离相模型,不仅可视化了水流场微观特性,而且得出了固相物在灌水器内流场水流中的流动轨迹及固相物在灌水器中密度分布,为灌水器的结构优化提供了直接的依据.采用RP/RT制模制作实验样件,保证了样件材料与注塑产品的一致性,提高了定型精度.     

离散型两相流动的大涡模拟

大涡模拟(Large-eddy simulation,LES)的研究正在取得迅速进展.和雷诺平均模拟(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes modeling,RANS modeling)相比,LES可以给出流动和火焰的瞬态结构,并且在不少情况下可以给出比雷诺平均模拟更准确的统计平均结果.本文作者及其同事从2002年开始,用大涡模拟研究了气泡-液体流动的瞬态结构.后来从2005年至今陆续研究了气体-颗粒两相流动的大涡模拟、气体绕过单个颗粒流动的大涡模拟、以及有蒸发和燃烧的油滴周围的流动的大涡模拟.本文对作者及其同事近期进行的上述离散型两相流动的大涡模拟研究给出了简要的综述,包括控制方程、亚网格模型、数值方法、主要的模拟结果及其实验验证.     

叶片式混输泵气液两相流及性能的数值分析

利用Fluent计算软件在多重参考坐标系下采用欧拉方法的双流体湍流模型计算螺旋轴流式叶片泵内高含气状态下的三维气液两相流场.通过对泵内绝对流速、叶轮相对流速、静态压力、气液两相分布及其相间滑移速度矢量的分析,探讨了气液两相介质在泵内的流动规律.结果显示离心力的作用使叶轮内液相主要在轮缘附近流动,而气相则聚集在轮毂附近;泵导叶内气液两相分离状况有较明显改善.通过与泵性能实验结果对比,验证了文中方法对气液两相叶片式混输泵计算分析的有效性.     

插拔式变比例均匀取样器及气液两相流量计量

分流比是取样型多相计量装置的关键参数,传统取样装置取样比固定,难以适应现场工况变化.为实现取样比在线调节,提出一种插拔式新型取样器,分流孔数为20,直径为3 mm,沿主管管周均匀布置,取样截面上游设置螺旋器诱发来流形成均匀螺旋环状流,通过特殊设计的取样管可动态改变分流孔的连接方式从而获得期望的取样比.根据取样孔和主流孔...     

基于室内空气稳定性的污染物侧送风数值模拟

在室内空气稳定性的概念和判断依据基础上,对其进行数学验证,根据环境温度垂直递减率的正负将其分为稳定型、中性稳定型和不稳定型.建立不同温度梯度下的数学、物理模型.并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件对NH3等污染物侧送风条件下,在室内传播的特性进行模拟,得出不同稳定性条件下污染物扩散的规律.在对污染物下进上出的通风方式的研...     

乙腈-硫酸铵-水三元体系相平衡的研究

测定了常压、25℃条件下的乙腈-硫酸铵-水双节点组成数据,并绘制了相图.实验证明,乙腈-硫酸铵-水能形成稳定的双水相体系,成相的质量分数范围为硫酸铵（0.001～0.420）、水（0.293～0.556）、乙腈（0.024～0.706）.双节点曲线符合经验方程,相关系数R2〉0.999 9.根据离子色谱法和称重法所得数据,结合经验方程和杠杆规则,得到了一系列乙腈-硫酸铵-水双水相体系液液相平衡数据,并绘制了连结线,且线性相关度良好.     

号称经典物理留下的世纪难题“湍流问题”的实质是什么？

一直以来,湍流都被认为是经典物理留下的世纪难题,因而也被认为是一个重大的基础科学问题.本文简单回顾湍流研究历史,分析了均匀各向同性湍流的研究和真实湍流的研究间为何存在鸿沟.为何前者不能解决真实湍流问题,而后者则是今后应重点开展的湍流基础研究,和如何逐步解决真实的湍流问题.在结论中提出了今后湍流研究中值得注意的几个方面.     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

关于公式A_g=α_gA的理论证明

在推导膛内两相流控制方程中,一些文献采用了公式A_g=α_gA。其中α_g 为空隙度即气相体积份数.本文通过对随机分布的火药颗粒定义一个概率分布函数,严格地从数学上对此式加以了证明.     

蒸发管内气液两相流动的数值计算

双流体模型是最近提出的一种计算两相流的方法,在分别求解两相各自的控制方程时考虑了相间的动量、能量和质量输运。本文使用这一模型并借助大型计算机程序(凤凰程序)对蒸发管内气液两相流进行了计算,得到的结果物理上合理。