大鲵尾部鱼油的酶法提取工艺

以人工养殖大鲵鱼尾为原料,使用碱性蛋白酶水解法提取大鲵油.在加酶量、酶解时间、pH值、温度4个单因素实验的基础上,利用正交试验法优化了提取大鲵油的工艺条件.结果表明,较佳酶法水解条件为温度50℃,时间1 h,加酶量1.5%,pH值为6.所得粗大鲵油符合国家二级粗鱼油标准.粗大鲵油中共检测到16种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸占24.1%,不饱和脂肪酸为62.5%,其中DHA为4.7%,EPA为4.2%.     

GC-MS法分析维吾尔医成药--玫瑰花糖膏中挥发油成分

对我区不同产地玫瑰花为原料制成的4种玫瑰花糖膏样品采用溶剂提取法进行挥发油提取,并利用GC／MS仪器分析法,对4种玫瑰花糖膏的挥发油成分进行分析。用GC／MS共检测到75个化合物,其中鉴定出62个化合物,4种样品中共有的物质有10个。4种玫瑰花糖膏挥发油成分中烷烃类化合物较多,其含量为33．8％-71．19％,其次是苯衍生物14．86％-47．42％,萜类化合物的种类和含量很少。4种玫瑰花糖膏因原料产地和制备糖膏厂家的不同,在成分和含量上有一定的差异。     

佛手叶挥发油对HeLa细胞形态与结构的影响

探讨了佛手叶挥发油对HeLa细胞形态与结构的影响.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法检测细胞活力,倒置显微镜、荧光显微镜和电子显微镜观察细胞形态与结构的变化,免疫荧光结合激光共聚焦显微镜观察微管的分布.结果表明:佛手叶挥发油能够抑制HeLa癌细胞的增殖,呈剂量和时间依赖性;不同浓度的佛手叶挥发油处理HeLa癌细胞24 h后,低剂量(200μg/mL)佛手叶挥发油使HeLa细胞皱缩,染色质凝集,出现凋亡小体,微管解聚,表现为典型的凋亡特征;中、高剂量(400和800μg/mL)佛手叶挥发油使HeLa细胞膜裂解,内容物外泄,细胞碎片增多,表明细胞已坏死.     

静电感应式油/水界面探测技术

报道一种可方便、准确确定容器中油/水界面的新型探测技术.根据油水两相介电特性的不同,利用油/水界面处存在的双电层及zeta电势,基于静电感应原理,设计电压信号差分放大电路及检测系统.铜质检测电极接触油/水界面时,界面zeta电势会在检测电极上感应出一定的电流,通过检测电流的变化,实现油/水界面的准确测量.根据电压脉冲信号出现时间以及检测电极下降速度,可快速确定油/水界面位置,并且脉冲信号幅值随油品的不同而不同.检测结果表明:该系统具有灵敏度高、操作方便等特点,可发展成为便携式仪器,可用于某些极端场合的现场液位探测.     

不同方法提取的柚子花的挥发性成分分析

以新鲜柚子花和干柚子花为原料,采用同时蒸馏萃取法或超临界CO2萃取法对干柚子花和新鲜柚子花的挥发油进行提取,利用气相色谱—质谱联用技术对其化学成分进行分离鉴定,并测定各化学成分的相对含量。结果表明:相同方法提取的新鲜柚子花和干柚子花的挥发油的组成成分基本一致,但各化合物的相对含量不同,不同方法提取的干柚子花挥发油的组成成分与相对含量都存在较大差异。     

储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定模型

研究了椭圆型储油罐的变位识别与罐容表标定问题。利用数学积分原理分别对储油罐无变位与变位两种情况,建立油量体积与油位高度的数学模型,并用MATLAB软件进行求解及残差分析,修正得到较准确的罐容表标定值。     

利用液液萃取气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油

研究了液液萃取气相色谱法测定地表水中松节油的方法。结果表明,该方法操作简单,灵敏度高,检出限为0．006mg／L,不同质量浓度样品的RSD范围为3．7％～4．4％,水样的加标回收率为95．7％。97．3％,能满足地表水监测的相关要求。     

微波辐射制备PMMA-BMA树脂及其吸附油烟性能

本文提出应用微波辐射法制备聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸丁脂(PMMA-BMA)吸油烟树脂,采用扫描电子显微镜对吸油烟树脂的表面形貌和孔结构进行了表征,研究了单体配比、引发剂用量、交联剂用量、微波功率对树脂吸附气相油烟性能的影响.结果表明,当MMA/BMA配比为0.8:1,引发剂、分散剂和交联剂的用量分别为0.4％、0.3％和0.35％时,所合成的树脂其吸油烟率达到最大,此时树脂表面形成了较多和较深的孔.与常规条件下的合成方法相比,使用微波辐射合成WRT树脂不仅可缩短一半以上的反应时间,而且其吸附气相油烟率也高于普通合成法得到的NR树脂.此外,微波辐射合成的树脂其吸附气相油烟性能还优于普通活性炭和商品的G-1651型高吸油树脂.     

Experimental study on spectral responses of offshore oil slick

Using the seawater taken from Liaodong Bay and crude oil taken from Liaohe Oilfield, a laboratory experiment was designed to study the change of reflectance spectrum of artificial offshore oil slick with its thickness and to identify the spectrum ranges suitable for quantifying the thickness of the oil slick. During the experiment, crude oil was continuously dropped into the seawater to generate artificial oil slick with different thicknesses. After every drop of crude oil was added, reflectance spectrum of the oil slick was measured with a high resolution spectroradiometer （ASD FieldSpec Pro FR）. The influence of oil slick thickness on its reflectance spectrum was explored through statistical analysis. The results show that the reflectance of oil slick changes marginally with oil slick thickness and higher than that of seawater in infrared band from 1150 to 2500 nm. This spectrum range can be practically used to distinguish oil slick from seawater. In the spectrum range from 400 to 1150 nm, the reflectance of oil slick decreases with its thickness. The negative power function is the best-fit function expressing the relationship between the reflectance and thickness. The spectral characteristics of oil slick are very distinct at 550 and 645 nm. They are the best wavelengths for monitoring the existence of offshore oil slick and estimating its thickness.     

Flow characteristics and reaction properties of carbon dioxide in microtubules and porous media

Carbon dioxide reacts with porous media while flowing through them enhancing their permeability. Its flow behavior as well as the permeability enhancement effects were studied in synthetic cores, natural cores and microtubes with an inner diameter of 5 μm. The results show that the permeability of H2O-saturated cores （containing carbonate ingredients） was enhanced by increasing the injection volume of a CO2-H2O solution. This enhancement is attributable to carbon dioxide＇s corrosion, which is justified by SEM scanning. The same phenomenon occurs with a CO2-H2O solution in microtubes, but for a different reason. The gas flow velocity of carbon dioxide in microtubes was approximately 100% faster than that of nitrogen because of the scale and the squeezing effects. Carbon dioxide molecules dissolved in water accelerate the diffusion rate of water molecules within the boundary layer, which in turn diminishes the thickness of the water film and enlarges the effective pore size. This flow behavior facilitates the injection of carbon dioxide into low-permeability reservoirs for oil-displacement and formation energy buildup purposes. This behavior also increases the potential for carbon dioxide channeling or release from the formation.