部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中传输的交叉偏振度

推导部分相干电磁高斯-谢尔模型光束在湍流大气中的交叉谱密度矩阵.根据交叉偏振度的理论,研究部分相干电磁光束在湍流大气中的交叉偏振度的变化情况.研究表明,部分相干电磁光束的交叉偏振度由大气折射率结构常数、光源相关长度、光束初始偏振度和观察点位置决定.交叉偏振度不同于一般偏振度,它的值不再仅仅局限在0～1,而是可以取任何非...     

基于室内空气稳定性的污染物侧送风数值模拟

在室内空气稳定性的概念和判断依据基础上,对其进行数学验证,根据环境温度垂直递减率的正负将其分为稳定型、中性稳定型和不稳定型.建立不同温度梯度下的数学、物理模型.并利用计算流体动力学(CFD)软件对NH3等污染物侧送风条件下,在室内传播的特性进行模拟,得出不同稳定性条件下污染物扩散的规律.在对污染物下进上出的通风方式的研...     

号称经典物理留下的世纪难题“湍流问题”的实质是什么？

一直以来,湍流都被认为是经典物理留下的世纪难题,因而也被认为是一个重大的基础科学问题.本文简单回顾湍流研究历史,分析了均匀各向同性湍流的研究和真实湍流的研究间为何存在鸿沟.为何前者不能解决真实湍流问题,而后者则是今后应重点开展的湍流基础研究,和如何逐步解决真实的湍流问题.在结论中提出了今后湍流研究中值得注意的几个方面.     

Sedimentation processes and sedimentary characteristics of tidal bores along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary

A tidal bore is a unique Earth surface process, characterized by its highly destructive energy, predictable periodicities and magni-tudes, and the production of characteristic sedimentary features. Tidal bores and associated rapid flood flows are highly turbulent flows of the upper-flow regime with a velocity over several meters per second. Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, respectively, are larger than 104 and 1.0, making them significantly different from regular tidal flows but analogous to turbidity currents. Until now, understanding of tidal-bore depositional processes and products has been limited because of the difficulty and hazards involved with gauging tidal bores directly. The Qiantang bore is known as the largest breaking bore in the world. Field surveys were carried out in May 2010, along the north bank of the Qiantang Estuary to observe the occurrence of peak bores, including regular observations of current, water level and turbidity at the main channel. Several short cores were sampled on the intertidal flats to study the characteristic sedimentary features of tidal bores. Hydrodynamic and sedimentological studies show that the processes of sediment resuspension, transport and deposition are controlled primarily by the tidal bores, and the subsequent abruptly accelerated and decelerated flood flows, which only account for one tenth of each semidiurnal tidal cycle in the estuary. Tidal-bore deposits are generally poorly sorted because of rapid sedimentation after highly mixed suspension by intense turbulence. This behavior is characteristic of the absence of tractive-current depositional components in a C-M diagram. It also goes along with well-developed massive bedding, graded bedding, basal erosion structures, convolute bedding and dewatering structures. Together, these sedimentary features can constitute fingerprinting of turbidites, widely distributed in the deep-water environment. However, a tidal bore is triggered by intensely deformed tidal waves propagating into a shallow-water environment, which returns to regular tidal flows rapidly after the passage of the bore head. The tidal-bore deposits are usually bounded by the intertidal-flat deposits with typical tidal beddings at the top and on both flanks. The difference between tidal-bore deposits (TBD) and tidal sandy/muddy deposits (TSD/TMD) is evident not only in sedimentary structures, but also in the grain-size composition. They can be clearly distinguished in grain-size bivariate plots, typically the plot of mean grain size vs. standard deviation (or sorting). Some trend variations generally exist in mean grain size with TBD>TSD>TMD, sorting with TMD>TBD>TSD (larger value indicating poorer sorting), and both skewness and kurtosis with TSD>TBD>TMD. These findings will undoubtedly shed new light on our understanding of tidal-bore sedimentology, ancient tidal-bore sedimentary facies and environments, and related oil-and-gas field prospecting.     

用铁塔资料研究地面冷锋的结构

利用铁塔的梯度观测资料研究夜间干冷锋过境进时的边界层结构和部分地面锋面和特征。资料表明近地面，锋面与地表面近于垂直，同附近垂直运动很强，只比水平风速小一个量级，表征湍流变换强度的总体拖是曳系数ＣＤ和热量输送系数ＣＨ在锋面过境前后有明显的响应。并存在着明显的日变化，陆面上白天的ＣＤ和ＣＨ值较海面上大一个量级。     

受浮力响影的湍流模型

本文给出将现有湍流模型用于浮力流的若干修正方案;分别运用湍流粘性系数模型和雷诺应力模型及它们的浮力修正型、双流体模型对几种典型的浮力流进行计算机模拟;最后提出选用浮力流湍流模型的建议.     

环形槽道有压科特(Couette)流层流

本文给出了环形槽道有压科特流层流的解析解,还提出了形状参数P,强调形状参数P可用作研究环形槽道有压科特流层流流动状态的判据,并讨论了当P值不同时,所研究流场中的速度极环面和速度拐环面存在的条件和它们的坐标。这对环形槽道有压科特流紊流的研究极有帮助。     

上海城市对大气边界层若干影响的初步分析

本文根据上海城市气候特征与大气污染防治课题组提供的上海城、郊同步观测的小球测风、低空探空和平衡球等资料,对上海城郊近地层和边界层内的湍强、R_4数、摩擦速度、下垫面粗糙度、风速廓线以及扩散参数等进行计算,并且采用城郊对比法进行分析和探讨。结果表明,上海城市对边界层动力和热力特征影响甚大,城市这个人为因素对边界层的影响不容忽视。     

离心式叶轮内三维紊流场的数值模拟

对设计工况下离心压缩叶轮内三维紊流场进行了数值模拟，数值计算使用加罚有限元方法求解三维、定常、不可压缩，时均Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程和Ｋ－ε紊流模型方程。数值计算结果揭示了离心压缩机叶轮出口的射流－尾迹特性和二次流分布规律。本文的研究表明：加罚有限元方法具有预元复杂流场的能力，并且可以大大减小有限元方法的计算工作量。