真应力—应变的定义及其力学特征

材料的真应力和真应变与常用的工程应力-应变有明显的差异,作者从真应力和真应变的定义出发,论述了塑性材料在轴向拉伸条件下变形过程的力学行为,阐明了应变硬化、最大均匀真塑性应变、应变硬化指数的相互关系,真应力-应变曲线直观地反映了材料拉伸变形时的应变硬化行为,其数学表达式为Hollomon公式,由拉伸实验得到的logσ-logε曲线的斜率即为应变硬化指数,其数值与材料拉伸变形时的最大均匀应变相等,是衡量材料塑性均匀变形能力的力学指标。     

应变速率对8090Al-Li合金拉伸性能的影响

用动态拉伸的方法研究了应变速率对 80 90 Al— L i合金拉伸性能的影响 ,应变速率的范围为 10 - 3～ 10 3s- 1。结果表明 ,合金的强度和塑性随应变率的增加而增加。试样的 SEM和 TEM分析发现 :准静态下的断裂为沿晶断裂 ;随着应变率的增加 ,断裂从穿晶准解理断裂过渡到由显微空穴聚集而成的韧窝断裂。高应变率下80 90 Al- L i合金强度和塑性的提高与其变形机制和晶界无沉淀区 (PFZ)的变化有关     

软基沉降计算中压缩层厚度确定方法探讨

沿海地区平原水网区高速公路的软土路基，其压缩层范围与应力控制法确定的深度通常相差很大．而与应变控制法确定的厚度比较吻合．规范规定的应力控制比值与一些实际情况不符，对大宽度路基条件下的软基不太适用，导致用应力控制法计算出的沉降量比实际沉降大许多．文中结合工程实例，研究出现这一问题的机理，并给出建议．     

ZK31+0.3Yb镁合金的热力模拟

通过热压缩变形实验, 利用光学显微镜观察, 对ZK31 0.3Yb镁合金变形过程的流变应力和组织演变进行研究. 研究结果表明: 663 K/0.1 s-1是最佳的变形条件, 在此条件下, 合金的流变应力低, 动态再结晶充分激发, 合金的塑性好;当变形温度降至623 K和573 K时, 动态再结晶不能充分激发, 合金变形的流变应力明显提高, 尤其是573 K变形时流变应力达到185 Mpa;而变形温度提高到723 K时, 晶界处形成楔形裂纹, 合金的塑性差;在663 K时变形, 尽管应变速率降低至0.001 s-1, 合金的动态再结晶充分激发, 流变应力下降, 但变形的进程被减缓;当变速率提高到1.000 s-1时, 晶粒间的协调变形不能发挥作用, 合金的塑性最差.     

The start-up of biohydrogen-producing process by bioaugmentation in the EGSB reactor

Expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB) reactor and bioaugmentation were employed to investigate biohydrogen production with molasses wastewater. The start-up experiments consisted of two stages. In the first stage (0～24d) seeded with activated sludge, the butyric acid type-fermentation formed when the initial expanding rate, organic loading rate (OLR), the initial redox potential (ORP) and hydraulic retention time (HRT) were 10%, 10.0 kg COD/(m3·d), - 215 mV and 6.7 h, respectively. At the beginning of the second stage on day 25, the novel hydrogen-producing fermentative bacterial strain B49 (AF481148 in EMBL) were inoculated into the reactor under the condition of OLR 16. 0 kg COD/(m3·d), ORP and HRT about - 139 mV and 6.7 h, respectively, and then the reaction system transformed to ethanol-type fermentation gradually with the increase in OLR. When OLR, ORP and HRT were about 94.3 kg COD/(m3·d), -250 mV and 1.7 h, respectively, the system achieved the maximum hydrogen-producing rate of 282.6 mL H2/L reactor· h and hydrogen percentage of 51%～53% in the biogas.     

大变形条件下材料本构关系研究

推导了轴向均匀大变形等截面杆的Lagrangian-Green应变张量和Eulerian应变张量以及分别与它们能量共轭的第二类Piola-Kirchhoff应力张量和Cauchy应力张量的表达式,给出了这2对能量共轭的应力应变张量的本构关系式。计算结果表明:当工程应变较小时,可以直接用常值弹性模量代替真实弹性模量进行计算;当工程应变较大时,必须对常值弹性模量进行修正。     

Magnetic fabrics in fault-related fold and its relation with finite strain: an example from Mingjiang thrust structures in Western Sichuan

The anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS) is a quick, effective and sensitive technique used to measure the weakly deformed sedimentary rocks, and also a reliable method to reveal the deforming mechanisms of fault-related folds. In Longmenshan front belt, a typical cross-section of fault-related folds is chosen to study the AMS. A total of 224 oriented specimens have been drilled at 23 different sampling sites which were distributed at the key structural positions of this structural section developed in the Xujiahe formation of the upper Triassic. Six elementary types of magnetic fabrics are recognized and established through this AMS study: 1) a sedimentary fabric; 2) an initial deformation fabric; 3) a pencil structure fabric; 4) a weak cleavage fabric; 5) a strong cleavage fabric; 6) a stretching lineation fabric. It has been found that most of magnetic fabrics are characterized by fabrics of weak deformation which belong to the pure-shear results of a pre-folding layer parallel shortening (LPS). In the fault-bend fold, almost all magnetic fabrics are the initial deformation fabrics of weak deformation, and denote that the deformation in the forelimb is stronger than that in the backlimb and no finite strain is shown in the footwall. While in the fault-propagation fold， finite strains are concentrated in the trishear zone where magnetic fabric results are approximately consistent with the estimated consequences of the kinematic model. The tectonic stress field indicated by the magnetic fabrics is basically the same along the whole structural section and shows a NW to SE compression and shortening which is accordant with the regional compressive stress field of the Longmenshan fold-thrust belt.     

织构对NiTi合金相变伪弹性的影响及其计算机模拟

近等原子比热轧态NiTi合金板材有较显著的择优取向,使该合金的相变伪弹性呈现明显的各向异性.拉伸实验表明拉伸轴沿与轧向成45°夹角的方向,相变伪弹性最好;沿轧向,次之;沿横向,最差.文中对NiTi织构进行了取向分布函数定量分析,并改进了NiTi单晶相变应变的晶格变形矩阵理论,以取向分布密度为加权因子,对该合金多晶的相变伪弹性进行了计算机模拟,所得结果与实测值吻合得较好.     

压缩载荷下6005A铝合金力学性能的研究

利用电子万能实验机和Hopkinson压杆实验装置对高速动车组使用的铝合金材料分别进行了准静态和不同应变率下的动态压缩实验,得到了相应的应力.应变曲线.实验结果表明,在不同应变率下,整个应力-应变曲线无明显的屈服现象,也无明显的屈服极限;该铝合金材料的屈服极限、瞬时流动应力均随着应变率的增大而增大,但在应变率较低时,两者增大的幅度并不显著,在应变率较高时,两者才随着应变率的增大而急剧增大;在动态加载条件下,该铝合金材料的变形表现出非线性特征.     

脆性颗粒材料的超弹性软化模型及应变局部化模拟

在Volokh软化模型的基础上,考虑颗粒材料的变形和破坏机制,认为颗粒材料以剪切变形和破坏为主,提出了表示软化程度的软化因子概念,发展了两种能够部分表征颗粒材料力学行为特征的软化模式,并基于ABAQUS用户材料子程序(UMAT)开发相应程序.数值算例考察了上述模型模拟颗粒材料应变局部化现象和软化现象的能力.结果表明了所建议模型的有效性和可行性.