加热过程对热带气旋生成的数值试验

用Pielke等的中尺度两维原始方程数值模式研究海气相互作用和其它非绝热加热过程对热带气旋生成的作用。进行了7种数值试验,即:(1)只考虑无云情况下的辐射加热作用;(2)考虑辐射加热和不均匀的云量效应;(3)只考虑海气交界面上的潜热和感热通量;(4)大尺度凝结、对流调整、辐射和洋面上潜热感热输送;(5)积云对流凝结加热和云天辐射;(6)积云对流凝结加热和洋面上的潜热感热通量;和(7)积云对流凝结加热、洋面上的潜热、感热通量和云天辐射等全部加热过程。 结果表明:积云对流凝结加热对热带气旋的生成起最重要的作用,大尺度凝结加热和对流调整趋于使低压填塞,而洋面上的潜热、感热通量也起不可缺少的作用。     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

Relationship between the tropical cyclone genesis over the Northwest Pacific and the sea surface temperature anomalies

Using the tropical cyclone (TC) data derived from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) and the sea surface temperature data derived from the Joint Environmental Data Analysis Center (JEDAC) at the Scripps Institute of Oceanography from January 1955 to December 2000, we analyzed the relationship between the TC genesis over the Northwest Pacific (NWP) and the sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the Pacific basin. A long-term trend indicated that the highest frequency of monthly TC genesis appeared earlier and the annual genesis sum increased gradually during the last half century with some oscillations. No significant synchronous correlation was found between the NWP TC events and the SSTA over the Pacific basin, while the annual sum of TC genesis was closely related with the SSTA averaged from the first three months (January, February and March) of the year in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and over mid-high latitudes of the North Pacific. The results implied that there are an interannual El Nio SSTA mode in the equatorial western and eastern Pacific and an interdecadal SSTA mode in the northern Pacific, which affected the TC genesis. A regression analysis between the first three-month SSTA and the annual TC sum based on two time scales was conducted. The correlation coefficient between simulated and observed TC sums reached a high value of 0.77.     

海南热带《树木学》的理论教学及实践教学之研究

《树木学》是林学的专业基础课程,由于海南高等院校仅从1999年开始开设林学专业,而热带树木种类极为丰富,因此,要讲授好海南热带《树木学》有较多的困难。本文是结合热带《树木学》的教学经验与多年的野外研究工作经验,认为必须调整现有教材《树木学》的一些内容和教学重点和改变教学方式,才能讲授好海南热带《树木学》。文中明确指出海南热带《树木学》教师的理论与实践教学的结合能力建设是关键。     

The persistent anomaly of summertime circulation over the Ural Mountains

The tropical heating and transient activity features during the period of the persistent anomaly of summertime circulation over the Ural Mountains are studied, and a possible mechanism responsible for formation and maintenance of persistent anomalies is proposed. The mechanism can be summarized as a kind of self-sustaining through a two-way interaction of stationary wave with transient eddies under the consistent forcing of abnormal heating in the tropics.     

1980-2015年间北部湾海域热带气旋的变化及特征分析

由于地理特征独特,北部湾地区常年遭受热带气旋的影响。热带气旋引起的波浪灾害和风暴潮灾害对广西沿海经济、生活造成了巨大影响。本文采用中国气象局热带气旋最佳路径数据集,研究了1980—2015年间进入北部湾的热带气旋的变化及特征,对北部湾海域内热带气旋的频数、强度、持续时长、功耗指数等年际趋势变化进行分析。结果表明:1980—2015年,北部湾地区热带气旋的频数、持续时长呈波动减小趋势,其强度呈波动增加趋势,整体上功率耗散系数(Power Dissipation Index,PDI)的正效应大于负效应。本研究为北部湾地区的海洋防灾减灾提供了相关科学依据。     

Shoot regeneration fromAgrobacterium tumefaciens-induced tumors of a tropical timber tree,Fagraea fragrans

Summary Agrobacterium tumefaciens A208 with nopaline plasmid pTiT37 was used to obtain stem tumors on plantlets ofFagraea fragrans grown in vitro. Bacterial elimination and tissue proliferation were simultaneously achieved by growing tumors on cefatoxime medium. After some tissue growth the shoots regenerated. An examination of these showed the presence of nopaline, indicating genetic transformation by T-DNA.     

热带气旋“芭玛”异常路径分析

为了分析导致“芭玛”路径异常的原因,采用NCEP再分析资料,分析2009年17号热带气旋“芭玛”的路径和强度、在移动过程中的大尺度环流背景及水汽输送特征,得出以下主要结论:“芭玛”路径分为5个阶段,其中有3个阶段的路径为异常;2次逗留阶段具有相似的环流形势,“芭玛”都处于鞍型场中,没有大尺度环境气流的引导作用,热带气旋与β效应相互作用所产生的β漂移(北偏西的移动)较小,“芭玛”仅受地转偏向力的影响,出现原地打转的异常路径;第3阶段2个热带气旋“互旋”期间,“茉莉”与“芭玛”之间的距离为1 208～1 435　km,两者发生明显的腾原效应,导致“芭玛”向东南方向移动,而“茉莉”北上。在“芭玛”生命史的5个阶段,东亚夏季风强度相对盛夏而言大大减弱,但“芭玛”仍获得了充足的水汽供应,这也是其成为长生命史热带气旋的一个重要原因。