Lag influences of winter circulation conditions in the tropical western Pacific on South Asian summer monsoon

<正>By means of monthly mean NCEP/NCAR data analyses, this note investigates the lag influences of winter circulation conditions in the tropical western Pacific on South Asian summer monsoon through the methods of composite, correlation and statistical confident test. The results indicate clearly that winter climate variations in the equatorial western Pacific would produce significant influences on the following South Asian summer monsoon, and with the lapse of time the lag influences show clearly moving northward and extending westward features. When winter positive (negative) sea level pressure anomalies occupy the equatorial western Pacific, there is an anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly appearing in the northwestern Pacific. With the lapse of time, the anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly gradually moves to northeast, and its axis in the west-east directions also stretches, therefore, easterly (westerly) anomalies in the south part of the anticyclonic (cyclonic) circulation anomaly continuously expand westward to the peninsula of India. Undoubtedly, the South Asian summer monsoon is weak (strong).     

尖峰岭次生林和原始林林下灌木叶氨基酸对氮添加的响应

为了深入地了解热带山地雨林原始林与次生林叶氨基酸对氮添加的响应和适应机制, 以海南尖峰岭热带山地雨林原始林和次生林的林下常见植物为研究对象, 通过设置对照CK (0 kg N/(ha·a))、中氮添加M (50 kg N/(ha·a))和高氮添加H (100 kg N/(ha·a)) 3种氮添加处理的实验, 探究氮添加对林下灌木叶片氨基酸含量的影响。实验结果表明, 无氮添加时, 原始林与次生林的总氨基酸含量和水解氨基酸含量无显著差异, 原始林游离氨基酸总含量显著高于次生林; 中氮添加时, 次生林林下灌木叶氨基酸含量的响应程度高于原始林; 高氮添加时, 次生林与原始林林下灌木水解氨基酸的响应程度无显著差异, 原始林林下灌木游离氨基酸的响应程度高于次生林。     

热带雨林冠层树木和藤本之间光合作用特征参数比较

 丰富的藤本是热带雨林的一个典型特征,但对藤本丰富发育的原因众说纷纭.季节性干旱假说认为干旱条件下藤本具有更强的光合作用而产生竞争优势.但是,由于热带雨林树木高大,冠层浓密,对叶片光合能力的测定往往选取幼苗,或采用离体方式,而且采样过程中极难采集到冠上的阳生叶片.这些局限性降低了前期研究结果的可信度.有鉴于此,我们选择干湿季分明的热带季节雨林为研究对象,在旱季的中期,通过在热带雨林中搭建的大型冠层监测平台,原位测定了热带季节雨林代表乔木绒毛番龙眼成年株及其上缠绕的典型藤本扁担藤的光合特性.结果表明:木本绒毛番龙眼的最大羧化速率(V_cmax)、电子传输速率(J_max)、最大光合速率(A_max)和表观量子效率(AQY)方面皆较藤本植物扁担藤高,但是木本植物的暗呼吸则明显低于藤本植物.据此推测,旱季中期木本植物净碳吸收和物质积累明显优于藤本植物.这些结果与前期离体或幼苗测定的结果相反,暗示回答该问题还需要进一步的深入探讨.     

基于数字地球平台的热带气旋可视化研究

热带气旋常伴随发生暴雨、风暴潮等,对我国东南沿海影响严重。热带气旋可视化能直观地展示其运动状态、发生过程和内部结构,为研究、预报提供支持。基于开源库Cesium构建数字地球平台,介绍了系统架构,验证了点云法对云场数据可视化的适用性,提出了一种基于粒子追踪的改进风场可视化方法,包括风场粒子属性计算、风场粒子绘制及风场粒子管理。仿真试验表明,利用点云法仿真的云场细节丰富、纹理清晰;利用改进方法仿真的风场相较于传统方法,在保证性能损失较少的情况下,实现了动态与渐变效果,更具真实感。为真实再现热带气旋数据中的云场与风场提供了一种可行的技术途径。     

热带气旋的准平衡动力学结构

将热带气旋分为内外2个区,2个区的时间、空间及物理量有不同的尺度,应用尺度分析和摄动法到热带气旋的2个区域,分别求得在2个区域的控制方程,其中内区受旋转风和一个演变方程制约,外区受梯度风和另一个演变方程制约。内外区的演变方程形式上相似,可统一求解,并解析地求得了2个区域的流场和气压场,得到的解能反映热带气旋结构的一般特征。     

A new species of the dentipes-subgroup of Triconia and a redescription of T. giesbrechti and T. elongata (Copepoda: Cyclopoida: Oncaeidae) from the tropical Pacific and the Korea Strait

A new species of Triconia in the family Oncaeidae, Triconia pacifica sp. nov., and a new form variant each of Triconia giesbrechti Böttger-Schnack and Triconia elongata Böttger-Schnack are described from two sites in the Pacific. Triconia pacifica can be distinguished from its sibling Triconia dentipes (Giesbrecht) by (1) morphometric characters, including the proportional lengths of distal endopod spines of swimming leg 4, and the relative length of the outer basal seta on P5, and by (2) a number of micro-structures on the appendages. The Pacific specimens of T. elongata and T. giesbrechti resemble the typical forms in morphometric characters, with some minor differences in proportional spine lengths on the swimming legs, and differ in a few micro-structures. The hitherto unknown male of T. giesbrechti is newly described. For all species/forms described, the intraspecific variability of proportional spine lengths on the endopods of P2–P4 is examined and discussed. http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:6B41B0E2-0A5C-458B-8F9C-25000F208E24     

农田林网内棉花风灾倒伏与产量的数学模型及应用价值

<正>根据农田林网内棉花受（强）热带风暴侵害的程度,应用近代回归分析方法,建立了棉花倒伏程度Ｘ与产量Ｙ的数学模型：列举了模型中建模指标的选择效果,模型的生态学意义,实用价值及限制条件等,为测定风灾条件下农田林网的防护效果提供了经验公式和依据。     

海南热带雨林滑坡地质灾害生态型治理措施

探讨了热带雨林滑坡地质灾害的发生机制,提出应在最大限度地减少对热带雨林区内环境的影响下,用生态型措施来治理当地的滑坡地质灾害,以最终实现有效治理滑坡和使生态环境可持续发展的双重目标.     

Energy dispersion of complex non-isolated vortices

Energy dispersion is a fundamental scientific problem in the study of natural disasters such as typhoons, heavy rain and earthquakes. The problem has been addressed by both multi-discipline research and forecast studies. The dynamics of isolated circular vortex energy dispersion have been solved. However, the disastrous results of typhoons and heavy rain often occur due to non-isolated circular vortices, the dynamics of which are explored in this paper. The energy dispersion characteristics of non-isolated vortices with complex structural patterns are examined using a linearized nondivergent barotropical vorticity equation model. In the initial field, a tropical cyclone (TC) vortex and a meso-scale vortex coexist, forming a complex structural pattern. An analytic solution based on a Fourier transform and simulations using a two-dimensional model show the following. (1) A wave train of TC-G-D may be created by the energy dispersion where the line connecting the three member centers of the wave train is parallel to the x axis in the case of an initial TC vortex without a meso-scale vortex. (2) A wave train of TC-G-D may also be created by energy dispersion. However, the line connecting the three member centers of the wave train would no longer be parallel to the x axis. Instead, they would form a triangle in the presence of the initial TC vortex with the meso-scale vortex. (3) There is a nonlinear relationship between the initial intensity of the meso-scale vortex and the base angle of the triangle. These results have the potential to be applied in the field of typhoon forecasting.     

西太副高第一次北跳与其后热带气旋的关系

为了研究西太平洋副热带高压5-6月第一次季节性北跳和其之后的第一个热带气旋(TC)生成的关系,利用1980-2015年美国环境预报中心和美国大气研究中心500hPa高度场再分析资料和中国台风研究所发布的最佳路径台风数据,采用统计、气候检验、合成分析等方法进行分析。结果表明:在近2/3的年份里,副热带高压北跳后不到1周就有TC生成;其余年份在副热带高压北跳后,超过2周或更长的时间内无TC生成,而这些年份的气候背景相对比较复杂,但也有规律可循,即在强厄尔尼诺年,副热带高压北跳之后均无TC生成。副热带高压的合成指数显示:副热带高压北跳后无TC生成时,和副热带高压的强度偏强、位置偏南等因素有关;副热带高压北跳后有TC生成时,副热带高压的强度、位置与气候态平均值无明显差异,但脊线和南界5 880gpm等位势高度线在副热带高压北跳后均有明显北抬现象。