甘肃平凉地区氚的背景值恢复

在一些地质条件复杂的地区,常规勘探方法提供的信息有限,再加上我国部分地区对氖值记录的空缺,给该地区的地质研究带来不便,本文通过运用环境同住素方法,利用渥太华氖值一时间关系曲线对平凉地区环境氖值进行恢复,井与放射性定律所求的氖值进行比较。给以后的地质研究提供方便。     

Evidence for tritium production in the Earth's interior

We have made a new investigation on the vertical profiles of tritium and helium isotopes in Lakes Van and Nemrut(Eastern Turkey),using experimental data from the reference by Kipfer et al.for study of long-term vertical mixing and deep water renewal in Lake Van.Lakes Van and Nemrut are crater lakes.Lake Nemrut is at the western border of Lake Van.The 3He and 4He are injected at the bottom of Lakes Van and Nemrut,and the both helium isotopes are confirmed from the mantle source.From 3H(tritium) data in Lakes Van and Nemrut,we have observed "3H anomaly" at the vertical profile of 3H concentrations in Lake Nemrut.The 3H concentration at the lake bottom is 10% higher than at the surface.The difference of 3H concentrations between surface and bottom is about 3.7±1.2 TU.This excess 3H should be injected from the lake bottom.An investigation on the origin of the injected tritium has been made.The results show the conventional origins are excluded,such as residence of precipitation tritium from nuclear testing in the early 1950s-1960s and tritium from known nuclear reactions.Based on the correlation of excess 3H with 3He and heat flow in Lake Nemrut,we infer that the 3He and 3H might be all from the mantle source,and produced by the supposed natural-nuclear-fusion,which might occur in an environment rich in water(H) and(U Th) at high temperature and high pressure in the deep Earth.Detection of tritium in the Earth's interior is a key evidence for exploration of natural nuclear fusion in the deep Earth.Based on the published data,we have found that the excess 3He and 3H injected at the bottom of Lake Laacher(Germany) were also released from the mantle source.The present work will be helpful to the further study of mechanism of natural nuclear fusion in the Earth's interior.     

氘过量参数及其水文地质学意义--以四川九寨沟和冶勒水文地质研究为例

根据四川九寨沟和冶勒地区各种水体的同位素资料,讨论了反映大气降水蒸发、凝结过程的不平衡程度的氘过量参数(d=δD-8δ18O)在降水和地下水中的主要变化特点及影响因素,对比了岩溶水和非岩溶水中氘过量参数d值的变化情况以及与水体氚含量变化的相关规律性.指出氘过量参数d值,是研究水/岩作用、地下水动力学和地表径流动态组成的一个十分重要的参数指标,具有极为重要的水文地质学意义.     

氚钛靶中氚浓度的变化

为研究中子管内钛膜中氚浓度逐渐减少的行为,分别对中子管内钛膜的氘氚置换反应与高温释氚两种行为进行深入研究。对局部混合模型下的氘氚置换方程进行修正添加了氘氚扩散项,采用有限元分析软件对氘氚置换方程进行数值解分析,并与未修正的氘氚置换方程进行分析比较。同时通过高温释氚实验,对不同温度下的氚钛膜释氚量进行研究。结果表明:未修正与修正后的氘氚置换反应氚浓度都会随着氘束流注入逐渐减少,修正后的方程的平均氚浓度减少比较快,300 h后趋于稳定;未修正的平均氚浓度减少比较慢,200 h趋于稳定。高温释氚实验表明,氚钛膜温度升高会引起钛膜内的氚释放,温度高于180℃氚的释放会急剧增加。可见添加氘氚扩散项对钛膜中氚浓度影响很大,修正后氘氚置换方程更符合实际氚浓度分布;高温释氚也会影响钛膜中氚浓度,温度控制在180℃以内对氚浓度影响不明显。     

液相氚化川芎嗪的氚氢交换反应

在气－固相氚化中草药有效成分的定位效应研究的基础上,进行了液相氚化中草药有效成分川芎嗪和苯甲酸、间甲苯甲酸的对比研究,发现各反应时间的氚化程度为：川芎嗪〉间甲苯甲酸〉苯甲酸,同时对液相氚氢交换反应中甲基的氚化规律进行了探讨。     

聚变能源中氚安全研究进展及展望

氚安全是聚变堆安全的核心内容,对聚变堆从研究走向实现聚变能源有着至关重要的影响,是建设聚变堆前必须回答的问题.本文针对聚变堆中大规模氚应用场景,从氚分布、包容、处理、人类及环境安全等方面综述了当前的研究进展,结合我国磁约束聚变能源发展路线图,提出针对聚变能发展的氚安全发展路线设想,并给出氚安全需重点突破的关键科学问题、技术问题及工程问题建议.     

长白山天池水系常量离子和氢氧同位素地球化学示踪

采集天池火山区的温泉水、地下水和地表水,进行了常量离子和氢氧同位素指标测试,进行了水体来源分析。结果发现:1水体的氢氧同位素数据表明各类水体均来源于大气降水;2温泉水的氚含量指示其年龄为50~60年;3各类水体中离子含量和氚含量的变化特征表明天池火山区的温泉水主要汇入天池水和北坡水系之中,仅有少量进入西坡和南坡水系,天池火山区地下水呈现出由南向北运移的特点。