Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

Simple scaling relations in geodynamics： the role of pressure in mantle convection and plume formation

Scaling relations are important in extrapolating laboratory experiments to the Earth‘s mantle. In planetary interiors, compression becomes an important parameter and it is useful to explore scalings that involve volume. I use simple volume scaling relations that allow one to extrapolate laboratory experiments and upper mantle behavior, in a thermodynamically self-consistent way, to predict lower mantle behavior. The relations are similar to the quasi-har-monic approximation. Slabs and plates have characteristic dimensions of hundreds of kilometers and time constants of 100 million years, but the volume scalings predict order of magnitude higher values in the deep mantle. The scaling relations imply that the deep mantle is a sluggish system with ancient features. They imply irreversible chemical stratification and do not favor the plume hypothesis.     

热处理温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备的Ce_(0.97)Co_(0.03)O_2薄膜结构和光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,在Si(100)衬底上制备了3%Co掺杂CeO2薄膜,研究了不同热处理温度对Ce0.97Co0.03O2薄膜结构和光学性质的影响。X射线衍射(XRD)表明,3%Co掺杂CeO2薄膜为多晶薄膜,且未破坏CeO2原有的结构,随着退火温度的升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大。椭偏光谱法研究表明,Ce0.97Co0.03O2薄膜的光学常数(折射率n、消光系数k)随着退火温度增加而增大,光学带隙Eg随退火温度增加而减小,这是薄膜结构随退火温度增加发生变化所致。     

回流法制备MnFe_2O_4纳米晶及磁性能

以NaOH为沉淀剂,通过一种简单的低温回流法制备了MnFe2O4纳米晶.采用XRD、SEM、FESEM、FTIR和VSM等手段对MnFe2O4纳米晶尺寸、晶相结构和磁性能进行了分析表征.结果表明,所制备的MnFe2O4纳米晶为尖晶石相结构,晶粒尺寸随着反应温度的升高而增大,从50℃的10 nm增大到90℃的22 nm;样品的饱和磁化度随温度的升高而增大.     

木枣多糖的理化特性研究

木枣经超声波辅助酸性缓冲液浸提、醇沉、脱蛋白和脱色工艺制得木枣多糖,测定其溶解性与单糖组成,采用Q2000型差示扫描量热仪和ZX7M-AR1000型流变仪研究木枣多糖的稳定性和流变性,为其在食品工业中的应用提供理论数据支持。实验结果表明,木枣多糖溶于热水,难溶于冷水,不溶于有机试剂;是由鼠李糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖组成的杂多糖。热学特征分析表明木枣多糖具有较好的热稳定性;木枣多糖溶液为非牛顿假塑性流体,表现出剪切变稀的特性;因此木枣多糖适用于在食品生产工业中做稳定剂。     

Dielectric,piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of lanthanum-modified PZTFN ceramics

Specimens of Pb_1?1.5xLa_x(Zr_0.53Ti_0.47)_1?y?zFe_yNb_zO₃(x = 0, 0.004, 0.008, 0.012, and 0.016, y = z = 0.01) (PZTFN) ceramics were synthesized by a semi-wet route. In the present study, the effect of La doping was investigated on the structural, microstructural, dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ceramics. The results show that, the tetragonal (space group P4mm) and rhombohedral (space group R3c) phases are observed to coexist in the sample at x = 0.012. Microstructural investigations of all the samples reveal that La doping inhibits grain growth. Doping of La into PZTFN improves the dielectric, ferroelectric, and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics. The hysteresis loops of all specimens exhibit nonlinear behavior. The dielectric, piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties show a maximum response at x ≥ 0.012, which corresponds to the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).     

螺旋藻细胞脱水与再吸纳引起的谱学变化

极大螺旋藻活细胞经过冻干脱水处理,得到脱水的干细胞,在避光条件下,使干细胞再吸纳水,测定处理前后螺旋藻细胞的谱学性质．结果表明：鲜活细胞经脱水处理其光谱发生了明显变化,再吸水后从吸收光谱可以观察到一个恢复的过程．荧光发射光谱则发现,再吸水14h后,藻细胞的光合系数(PSI)逐渐闭合,使传递到PSI的能量发生转移,最终以捕光色素藻蓝蛋白的发射释放出来．     

TiC/TiN/Al2O3复合陶瓷的研究进展

文章综述了TiC/TiN/Al2O3复合陶瓷的研究进展,介绍了复合陶瓷的制备工艺、组织与性能,探讨了材料成分对组织和力学性能的影响,总结了复合陶瓷的增韧机制及在刀具上的应用情况,指出纳米复合陶瓷是进一步改善强韧性的主要发展方向,为氧化铝陶瓷的广泛应用丰富了科学内涵.     

冷压成型活性材料准静态压缩特性

采用准静态压缩实验的方法,对冷压成型PTFE/Al/W活性材料的力学特性进行了研究。基于准静态应力-应变曲线分析,得到了活性材料密度对抗压强度和杨氏模量的影响规律。结果表明,随着活性材料密度的提高,抗压强度和杨氏模量呈逐渐增大趋势,材料失效裂纹与轴线基本呈30°~45°角。进一步对准静态压缩前、后活性材料试样细观结构电镜扫描分析发现,在一定密度范围内,随着基体材料含量的减少和活性材料密度的提高,准静态压缩载荷作用下材料内部形成的力链数量随之增加,从而导致活性材料抗压强度和杨氏模量的增大。      

硬质合金YG8与D6A异种金属CO_2激光焊接接头组织和性能的研究

利用CO_2激光器对双金属带锯条齿部用硬质合金YG8及背部用超高强度钢D6A进行焊接,通过金相显微镜,扫描电镜(SEM),显微硬度仪,电子显微探针(EPMA)等手段研究了焊后硬质合金YG8与超高强度钢D6A焊接接头组织演变规律,焊接接头合金元素分布,以及不同焊接工艺对异种金属焊接接头组织及力学性能的影响.研究表明,随着焊接速度增大,焊缝中心区等轴晶增多,树枝晶减少,且靠近YG8侧熔合区的等轴晶更细小;各种工艺条件下焊接接头硬度均较母材高,且靠近YG8侧的熔合区的硬度要高于焊缝区的硬度.当焊接功率为3 960 W,焊接速度为9m/min时,焊接接头的性能优良,抗弯强度值达到349 MPa,达到双金属带锯条的焊接性能要求.