朗德鹅体质量与体尺的相关及回归分析

利用SPSS13.0分析软件对159只8周龄朗德鹅(公鹅78只,母鹅81只)的体尺和体质量进行相关分析、通径分析,并建立最优回归方程,探讨朗德鹅体尺性状与体质量的相互关系.研究结果表明:朗德鹅的颈长(x1)、胸宽(x2)、背宽(x3)、胫长(x4)、胸深(x5)、体长(x6)和龙骨长(x7)等7个性状与体质量(y)性状确实存在不同程度的相关性,而且相关的密切程度有性别差异;龙骨长是影响公鹅体质量的最主要体尺指标,颈长、胸宽是影响母鹅体质量的2个主要体尺指标.公、母鹅体质量与体尺最优回归方程分别为:y=1 235.952+64.342x1+116.103x2-99.995x3+79.856x5和y=1 568.344+108.661x1-131.012x4+122.937x2.     

窄分散共聚倍半硅氧烷微球的制备与形成机理

将氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APS)和苯基三乙氧基硅烷(PTES)在碱催化下水解共缩聚,制备了窄分散的聚氨丙基/苯基倍半硅氧烷(PAPSQ)微球.采用扫描电镜和粒度分析仪研究了APS/PTES摩尔比、水/硅摩尔比、共溶剂、四甲基氢氧化铵(TMAOH)浓度和单体总浓度等反应条件对PAPSQ微球形貌和大小的影响,并对PAPSQ微球在不同反应条件下的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:APS/PTES摩尔比为1/4、水硅摩尔比为50、TMAOH浓度为0.025 mol/L、单体总浓度为0.25 mol/L、以乙醇为共溶剂时,PAPSQ微球粒径在0.7～1.0μm之间,呈窄分散性;以氨水为催化剂、异丙醇为共溶剂时,产物微球粒径较大,粒径分布较宽;较低的水硅摩尔比和TMAOH浓度下,只形成部分球形粒子;两单体总浓度过高时,难以形成微球.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> measurement of PM<Subscript>1</Subscript> organic aerosol in Beijing winter using a high-resolution aerosol mass spectrometer

Organic aerosol (OA) is a crucial component of atmospheric fine particles. To achieve a better understanding of the chemical characteristics and sources of OA in Beijing, the size-resolved chemical composition of submicron aerosols were measured in-situ using a High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer in the winter of 2010, with a high time resolution of 5 min. During this study, the mean OA mass concentration was 20.9±25.3 μg/m3, varying between 1.9 and 284.6 μg/m3. Elemental analysis showed that the average H/C, O/C and N/C (molar ratio) were 1.70, 0.17, and 0.005, respectively, corresponding to an OM/OC ratio (mass ratio of organic matter to organic carbon) of 1.37. The average mass-based size distributions of OA present a promi- nent accumulation mode peaking at approximately 450 nm. The prominent presence of ultrafine particles (Dva < 100 nm) was mainly from the fresh emissions of combustion sources. A Positive Matrix Factorisation (PMF) analysis of the organic mass spectral dataset differentiated the OA into three components, including hydrocarbon-like (HOA), cooking-related (COA), and oxygenated (OOA) organic aerosols, which, on average, accounted for 26.9%, 49.7% and 23.4%, respectively, of the total organic mass. The HOA and COA likely corresponded to primary organic aerosol (POA) associated with combustion-related and cooking emissions, respectively, and the OOA components corresponded to aged secondary organic aerosol (SOA).     

Hydrodynamic process of Tibetan Plateau lake revealed by grain size: Case study of Pumayum Co

Under the background of global warming,some lakes on the Tibetan Plateau(TP) are potentially sensitive to temperature change.With a case study of Pumayum Co,where glacier meltwater is important to supply(we call this a glacier-fed lake hereafter),we analyze the sensitivity of lake sediment grain size to temperature change.This is done by resolving the modern hydrodynamic process,coupled with comparison of paleoclimatic proxies.According to the spatial distributions of parameters,percentage of grain size and the grain size frequency distribution curve,hydrodynamic processes are analyzed.Five clastic sedimentation types are thereby discriminated.In the open lake area,suspended load transport is the main transport agent.Grain Size Trend Analysis(GSTA),a sediment dynamics model,reveals a trend toward eastward transport.This indicates that the largest and glacier-fed river,the Jiaqu River,influences the entire lake(not just the subsurface alluvial fan),and that lake sediment grain size may serve as a temperature indicator.Time series comparison between grain size of a short core from the central lake and meteorological data confirms this temperature indication,which in turn shows reliability of the method discriminating the hydrodynamic process.This case study will improve the ability of paleoclimatic reconstruction using lake sediment in glacier-fed lakes on the Tibetan Plateau.     

基于自适应邻域选取的局部投影降噪

提出一种以相点距离矩阵和信噪比为测度的自适应选取邻域参数的局部投影降噪方法.首先将一维时间序列重构到高维相空间,然后计算相空间中各个相点间的距离以构成相点距离矩阵,并据此设定参考相点的初始邻域半径和动态搜索步长,自适应地选择邻域大小,再利用局部几何投影方法消除噪声,迭代此过程,历史输出信噪比达到最大时获得优化邻域.     

论碳素原料对电石生产的影响

阐述了碳素原料的粒度、水分、灰分、挥发分对电石生产的影响,并对某电石厂使用的府谷蓝炭进行了分析。     

基于数字图像处理的环境气象颗粒物监测仪 采样滤膜结构分析

采用传统的公式法和介质饱和法对颗粒物监测仪采样滤膜进行测试,并提出利用Matlab编程的数字图像处理（DIP）方法,对采样滤膜的SEM显微图像进行图像二维孔隙率的计算,同时对孔径分布进行统计分析。实验和图像处理所得的孔径分布情况表现出客观一致性,结果表明DIP方法对滤膜的孔径分布分析有一定的可信度,可以作为一种对滤膜的制备工艺设计与产品性能检测的分析方法,并进行应用研究。另外,由于二维图像的限制,图像统计获取的孔隙率数值要小于计算法与实验数据,需要寻找转换二维孔隙率与三维真实孔隙率的有效方式。     

不同骨料粒径在不同浆膜厚度下的透水混凝土试验

采用2～10 mm、10～13. 2 mm、13. 2～16 mm的骨料粒径分别在骨料表面浆膜厚度为0. 4 mm、0. 5 mm、0. 6 mm的情况下进行透水混凝土性能的研究。试验发现:透水混凝土内部骨料表面在相同浆膜厚度下,随着骨料粒径不断增大,其有效孔隙率的增大并不明显,且不同骨料粒径试样的28 d平均抗压强度值变化幅度相差不大;随着骨料表面的浆膜厚度增加到后期,相同骨料粒径的透水混凝土抗压强度增加幅度不大,而浆膜厚度为0. 4～0. 5 mm时其抗压强度增加值较明显;当骨料表面的浆膜厚度较薄时,试样透水系数的增大趋势随着骨料粒径前期的增大比后期更快;而当浆膜厚度更厚时,不同骨料粒径试样的透水系数增大趋势较均匀。     

动水条件下泥沙絮凝体粒径变化分析实验研究

絮凝体广泛存在于自然界水体中,而在河口海岸动水环境下的黏性细颗粒泥沙的絮凝变化过程是一个重要且有待完善的研究课题。利用长江口北槽现场悬沙样本开展了系统的室内絮凝实验。采用粒径分布与有效粒径两种分析方法,研究了在水流紊动、盐度和悬沙浓度等不同絮凝因子条件作用下对长江口北槽泥沙絮凝体粒径变化的影响。实验结果表明:紊动剪切率对絮凝体粒径作用为先促进后减小,临界值出现在23. 09 s~(-1),此时最大有效粒径为50. 26μm;而悬沙浓度会抑制絮凝体生长;同时长江口北槽悬沙的絮凝饱和盐度要大于高岭土,约为14. 4 ppt。     

平板尺寸对NexGen燃烧器冲击射流换热特性的影响研究

NexGen燃烧器是美国联邦航空管理局(federal aviation administration,FAA)指定的用于动力装置防火试验的燃烧器。为了研究平板尺寸L与冲击间距Z之比(L/Z)为4、5和6的情况下对平板的温度、努塞尔数和热流分布的影响,采用商用Fluent软件模拟了NexGen燃烧器火焰射流冲击平板的过程,分析了火焰冲击平板的流场;并对不同L/Z下平板的表面温度、努塞尔数和热流的分布规律进行了研究。同时,对平板表面危险点的分布情况做出了预判,得出危险点主要集中在以平板几何中心为中心的0.15 m×0.2 m范围内。