Transient and constitutive repression of cytoplasmic translation signaling in cells with mtDNA mutation

Cytoplasmic translation is under sophisticated control but how cells adapt its rate to constitutive loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is unknown. Here we show that translation is repressed in cells with the pathogenic A3243G mtDNA mutation or in mtDNA-less ρ⁰ cells by at least two distinct pathways, one transiently targeting elongation factor eEF-2 and the other initiation factor eIF-2α constitutively. Under conditions of exponential cell growth and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation, eEF-2 becomes transiently phosphorylated by an AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent pathway, especially high in mutant cells. Independent of AMPK and mTOR, eIF-2α is constitutively phosphorylated in mutant cells, likely a signature of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress response induced by the loss of oxidative phosphorylation. While the AMPK/eEF-2K/eEF-2 pathway appears to function in adaptation to physiological fluctuations in ATP levels in the mutant cells, the ER stress signified by constitutive protein synthesis inhibition through eIF-2α-mediated repression of translation initiation may have pathobiochemical consequences. Received 29 October 2008; received after revision 11 December 2008; accepted 16 December 2008     

5G移动通信发展趋势与若干关键技术

第5代移动通信系统(5G)是面向2020年之后的新一代移动通信系统,其技术发展尚处于探索阶段.结合国内外移动通信发展的最新趋势,本文对5G移动通信发展的基本需求、技术特点与可能发展途径进行了展望,并分无线传输和无线网络两个部分,重点论述了富有发展前景的7项5G移动通信关键技术,包括大规模天线阵列、基于滤波器组的多载波技术、全双工复用、超密集网络、自组织网络、软件定义网络及内容分发网络.本文还概括性地介绍了国内5G移动通信的相关研发活动及其近期发展目标.     

Simulated annealing algorithm for the optimal translation sequence of the jth agent in rough communication

In rough communication, because each agent has a different language and cannot provide precise communication to each other, the concept translated among multi-agents will loss some information and this results in a less or rougher concept. With different translation sequences, the problem of information loss is varied. To get the translation sequence, in which the jth agent taking part in rough communication gets maximum information, a simulated annealing algorithm is used. Analysis and simulation of this algorithm demonstrate its effectiveness.     

极端嗜热微生物分子伴侣蛋白研究与嗜热功能蛋白质的规模化制备技术研究

极端微生物是丰富的资源宝库,有着巨大的生物技术开发前景。本文从特殊功能蛋白质的发现与表征、结构与功能及潜在性应用．以及特殊功能蛋白质的规模化制备技术两个方面,对极端微生物的资源开发与利用进行了探讨。重点介绍了极端嗜热古菌Pyrococcus furiosus分子伴侣蛋白系统的一些研究,并以P．furiosus胞外α-淀粉酶PFA为例,对工业生物技术领域重组蛋白质的规模化制备技术进行了讨论。     

程序规约变换技术在程序设计中的应用

算法设计是程序设计的难点和关键。本文利用程序规约的变换技术得到了排序问题和最长升序问题的算法,并清晰地展示了程序设计的过程,为算法程序设计提供了一种有效的方法和途径。     

从中国特色词语的翻译策略谈“不折腾”的英译

国内外主流英文媒体在英译中国特色词语时,主要采取完全音译、音译加解释、完全直译、直译加解释或音译和直译加解释这些方法或策略。从外宣的角度讲,音译或直译加解释即解释性翻译的方法是外宣英译中国特色词语的有效方法。解释性翻译给＂不折腾＂的英译提供了方法上的启示。     

佳作不厌百回读 犹存疑义相与析——曹明伦先生译《财富论》品评

培根的散文素以文笔简洁、富于哲理而著称。曹明伦先生对其《财富论》的翻译亦堪称佳作,但仍显白璧微瑕。曹译中个别字句虽别出心裁,却有悖于原文简约、略显古雅的风格,尚有值得商榷之处。     

末技与大道——谈先秦两汉俳优表演中的滑稽

滑稽作为一种艺术要素自古存在，在历史上它虽以不同的载体出现，但由于其自身属性和中国传统文化的天然矛盾，滑稽艺术注定在末技与大道的夹缝中艰难生存。先秦两汉时期的俳优表演就就是被视为小道、末技的典型滑稽艺术，它依靠解纷解忧的悦笑功能和怨刺劝惩的讽谏功能，向主流靠拢，努力做到合于大道。     

《京华烟云》中男性人名的音译与意译

本文通过对林语堂先生所著《京华烟云》中男性人物姓名的分析,阐述了在姓名翻译中音译与意译都是创作者使用的翻译手段,其最终目的都是为文学创作服务,都是为了达到不同语言间的文化交流所使用的方法。     

汉语词汇隐喻的英译策略

隐喻作为一种思维方式,体现人类的认知和文化。汉语词汇丰富的隐喻在英译时需要灵活处理,可以根据不同语境、文化内涵和隐喻的凸显程度,对其进行直译、意译、转换目标域或直译加释义。