贵州省安龙县黑洞和竹林洞动物群落结构的比较

对黑洞、竹林洞内的软体动物、节肢动物、脊索动物标本进行了采集和观察,共计238号标本,隶属3门5纲11目28科46种或类群,并对两洞的动物群落进行了比较,得出多样性指数最高者为群落F(2.661 9),最低者为群落D(0.450 6);优势度指数最高为群落D(0.722 2),优势度指数最低为F(0.093 0);群落相似性指数最高为A-B群落(0.519 6)。     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯颗粒诱导假体周围骨溶解的实验研究

通过破骨细胞培养及动物模型,探讨颗粒诱导假体周围骨质溶解的机制。取SD仔鼠骨髓细胞,在聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)颗粒的刺激下,进行体外破骨细胞培养,然后行TRAP染色,观察颗粒对破骨细胞形态的影响;对骨片上形成的骨吸收陷窝行甲苯胺蓝染色观察并计数。选用24只BALB/c小鼠,在小鼠颅骨部位注入PMMA颗粒,建立骨吸收动物模型。按照注入颗粒的不同随机分为2组,即实验组和对照组,每组12只。2周后处死动物并取材,行HE染色、TRAP染色及TNF-α免疫组化检查。结果显示,PMMA颗粒在体外条件下实验组TRAP染色阳性细胞数及骨吸收陷窝数均较对照组多。动物模型结果显示实验组有明显的骨吸收现象,而对照未发现明显的骨吸收;免疫组化检测亦显示实验组TNF-α较对照组明显。说明PMMA颗粒可诱导假体周围骨质溶解,继而引发假体松动。     

促进畜牧业高质量发展的技术与实现路径

畜牧业是农业经济的重要组成部分。2020年数据显示,我国肉类人均占有量超过世界平均水平,但低于欧美发达国家,禽蛋人均占有量达到发达国家水平,肉蛋奶的供应关乎百姓“菜篮子”安全。但畜牧业仍存在着相关产业体系发展质量效益不高、产品质量和安全性问题仍然存在、资源和环境约束日趋严峻、支持保障体系不健全、抵御风险能力偏弱等突出问题。畜禽产业是我国农业经济的重要支柱产业,实施畜禽产业转型升级创新工程,将有利于引领我国畜禽产业转型,适应畜禽养殖新形势和推动供给侧改革,对满足人民不断提高的优质动物蛋白产品需求、对美好生活的向往具有重大而深远的战略意义。本文就畜牧业相关问题和促进其高质量发展的技术与实现路径做一探讨。     

加大畜禽良种繁育体系投入促进山西畜牧业快速发展

分析了山西省畜禽良种繁育体系的现状,提出积极调整农业投资结构,加大对畜禽良种繁育体系建设的投资力度,为山西省畜牧业的发展提供科技支撑的建议。     

Towards progress on DNA vaccines for cancer

Cancer immunotherapy faces many obstacles that include eliciting immune reactions to self antigens as well as overcoming tumor-derived immunosuppressive networks and evasion tactics. Within the vaccine arsenal for inhibiting cancer proliferation, plasmid DNA represents a novel immunization strategy that is capable of eliciting both humoral and cellular arms of the immune response in addition to being safely administered and easily engineered and manufactured. Unfortunately, while DNA vaccines have performed well in preventing and treating malignancies in animal models, their overall application in human clinical trials has not impacted cancer regression to date. Since the establishment of these early trials, progress has been made in terms of increasing DNA vaccine immunogenicity and subverting the suppressive properties of tumor cells. Therefore, the success of future plasmid DNA use in cancer patients will depend on combinatorial strategies that enhance and direct the DNA vaccine immune response while also targeting tumor evasion mechanisms. Received 2 April 2007; received after revision 14 May 2007; accepted 21 May 2007     

Carnivorous Nepenthes pitcher plants are a rich food source for a diverse vertebrate community

Carnivorous pitcher plants capture insect prey to acquire essential nutrients while growing on extremely poor soils. A few individual species have evolved mutualistic relationships with small mammals that visit the traps to harvest nectar, and in return leave faecal droppings in the pitchers. Here we report that a diverse guild of nectar-harvesting vertebrates visits pitchers of two common lowland Nepenthes species without providing any obvious benefit for the plants. Over four consecutive field seasons, we observed four species of sunbirds and one species of tree shrew drinking nectar from pitcher plants. Foraging activity was highest in the morning and late afternoon. Van Hasselt’s, Brown-throated and olive-backed sunbirds were regular and highly abundant pitcher visitors in two different field sites. A crimson sunbird and a lesser tree shrew were each observed harvesting nectar on one occasion. The vertebrates harvested nectar from the pitcher rim (peristome) of N. rafflesiana and from the underside of the pitcher lid of N. gracilis. A comparison of the nectar production of these and three further sympatric species revealed exceptionally high quantities of nectar for N. rafflesiana. Other factors such as plant and pitcher abundance and the habitat preferences of the observed vertebrates are likely to also play a role in their choice to visit particular species. This is the first account of a case of obvious nectar robbing from Nepenthes pitchers by a guild of species that are too large to serve as prey, while the pitcher size and shape prevent faecal droppings from reaching the pitcher’s inside. This interaction provides an example of a possible starting point for the evolution of the elaborate mutualistic relationships observed in some species. Follow-up adaptations of pitcher shape could enable the plants to catch the droppings of their visitors and turn an exploitative relationship into a mutualism.     

试论本土儿童环保绘本出版

环保绘本以亲子阅读的方式在提高孩子环境认知、塑造去中心化的宇宙观和人生观等方面起着重要作用。环保绘本出版是特殊意义上的绿色出版,可以有效推广环保事业。我国必须加强本土环保绘本的出版,缩短与发达国家的差距。在创作层面上,作家、画家和编辑应共同努力,立足传统文化发展本土环保绘本出版事业;在消费层面上,家长应形成保护生态环境的教育理念,重视环保绘本的亲子阅读;在国家层面或专业层面上,应建构旨在指导儿童绘本发展的奖励制度。     

动物性食品中蜡样芽胞杆菌的建模及风险评估应用进展

动物性食品有极高的营养价值,在食品组成中占有重要地位。蜡样芽胞杆菌是动物性食品中常见的一种食源性致病菌。综述了近年来国内外对蜡样芽胞杆菌的建模及在风险评估中的应用所开展的研究,对肉类、乳及乳制品、蛋及蛋制品等食物中建立的生长模型与失活模型的最新研究成果进行总结,概述了动态变化环境下的界面模型研究及模型在风险评估中的应用情况,最后对蜡样芽胞杆菌预测建模的研究及应用提出了展望,以期为今后的研究提供参考。     

动物医学专业“3+1”创新型人才培养模式的探讨

动物医学专业"3+1"创新型人才培养模式改革,打破现有的大学生完全在校学习的培养模式,极大增加了学生的学习积极性,强化了学生的临床操作技能,提高了学生的就业能力和综合素质。实现了学校、学生和企业的三赢,初步证实了该模式的科学性和可行性。对同类院校的教学改革具有一定的参考、推广价值。     

许昌郊区不同生境下大型土壤动物资源调查

调查了7种生境的土壤动物数量和群落组成,共获得土壤动物538只,隶属于3门7纲11目.分析表明：优势类群为蚁科和线虫,常见及较常见类群为鳞翅目、蚯蚓、鞘翅目、马陆、鳞翅目（蛹）、蛴螬、蜘蛛目、鼠妇,其余5类为稀有类群.土壤动物的个体数及类群数以城市道路绿地最多,废弃荒地最少,说明人为干扰较小的生境土壤动物的数量和类群数较多.多样性以河边人工灌丛沙地最高,菜地最低,这与河边人工灌丛沙地营养丰富,菜地施用化肥、农药有关.菜地与废弃荒地的相似性极高,说明其群落组成相同.