沥青混合料设计综述

对目前国内外沥青混合料设计方法,如SUPERPAVE法、贝雷法、GTM法、CAVF法、马歇尔法、澳大利亚和法国沥青混合料设计等进行了介绍,对各种方法的优缺点进行了分析,指出了沥青混合料设计的未来发展趋势,对道路工程技术和研究人员有一定的参考价值．     

高师毕业生焦虑倾向与社会支持的关系

目的:研究高师毕业生焦虑倾向与社会支持的关系。方法:采用状态—特质焦虑问卷和社会支持评定量表对300名高师毕业生进行测查。结果:1在特质焦虑方面,文科得分显著高于理科(P<.05),独生子得分显著高于非独生子(P<.05);2状态非焦虑组在客观支持、主观支持和利用度得分显著高于状态焦虑组(P<.05);3特质焦虑组在客观支持和主观支持得分显著高于非特质焦虑组;4客观支持、主观支持、利用度与状态焦虑、特质焦虑呈负相关;客观支持、主观支持对状态焦虑、特质焦虑均有较高预测力。结论:高师毕业生焦虑与社会支持有密切的关系,非焦虑组的高师毕业生的社会支持状况显著好于焦虑组的高师毕业生。     

唐崖土司覃氏世系及其征调述略

从元代起,封建中央王朝开始在土家族地区实行土司制度,明代进一步发展至完备。唐崖土司是鄂西历史上以军事武功著称的几大土司之一,明季势力达到鼎盛。加强唐崖土司的社会、政治、经济、文化、军事等方面的研究,对深化和拓展鄂西乃至整个西南少数民族地区的土司研究与民族文化研究都具有重要意义。因此,在田野考察的基础上,依据《覃氏族谱》和地方史料,对唐崖覃氏世袭及其征调进行初步梳理和讨论,以期对鄂西乃至整个武陵山区土司文化与民族文化研究起到一定的推动作用。     

普通小麦品种主要性状的灰色关联度和相关性分析

运用相关分析和灰色关联分析法,对20份皖北小麦主栽品种进行遗传性状分析,以探讨品种产量影响因素之间的相互关系,旨在为小麦的遗传改良与育种利用提供依据。结果表明,各农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度大小顺序为:千粒重,小穗数,小穗粒数,粒宽,小穗密度,粒长,穗长,株高,分蘖数和护颖长短。其中千粒重、小穗数和小穗粒数是制约产量的最大因素;粒宽、小穗密度、粒长、穗长、株高、分蘖数和护颖长对产量制约力依次变小。因此,高产育种时,宜考虑选择有效穗数、穗粒数和千粒重高的小麦品种。     

Bin-based model construction and analytical strategies for dissecting complex traits with chromosome segment substitution lines

Chromosome segment substitution lines have been created in several experimental models,including many plant and animal species,and are useful tools for the genetic analysis and mapping of complex traits.The traditional t-test is usually applied to identify a quantitative trait locus (QTL) that is contained within a chromosome segment to estimate the QTL’s effect.However,current methods cannot uncover the entire genetic structure of complex traits.For example,current methods cannot distinguish between main effects and epistatic effects.In this paper,a linear epistatic model was constructed to dissect complex traits.First,all the long substituted segments were divided into overlapping small bins,and each small bin was considered a unique independent variable.The genetic model for complex traits was then constructed.When considering all the possible main effects and epistatic effects,the dimensions of the linear model can become extremely high.Therefore,variable selection via stepwise regression (Bin-REG) was proposed for the epistatic QTL analysis in the present study.Furthermore,we tested the feasibility of using the LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) algorithm to estimate epistatic effects,examined the fully Bayesian SSVS (stochastic search variable selection) approach,tested the empirical Bayes (E-BAYES) method,and evaluated the penalized likelihood (PENAL) method for mapping epistatic QTLs.Simulation studies suggested that all of the above methods,excluding the LASSO and PENAL approaches,performed satisfactorily.The Bin-REG method appears to outperform all other methods in terms of estimating positions and effects.     

雷沛鸿教育思想研究综述

教育家雷沛鸿大力推行国民教育,引起了研究者的广泛关注。民国时期,学者大多通过实地考查感受到他的教育成就,给予热情的赞誉,但也有人提出了质疑。改革开放以后,成立了相应的研究组织,发表了大量研究论文著作,取得了阶段性成果,形成了雷沛鸿教育思想研究的热潮。今后应在理论方法、研究视角、史料运用等方面不断改进和提高。     

基于美国高加索人群瘦体重的全基因组关联研究

为了寻找与瘦体重相关的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)位点及易感基因,在2 283名不相关的美国高加索人群中对瘦体重指数(LMI)进行全基因组关联分析(GWAS),并在1 000名不相关的美国高加索人群中验证,将研究结果与验证结果进行荟萃分析。研究发现,位于19p13.3区域的UQCR, MBD3和TCF3基因与LMI相关联。UQCR基因上rs8697(合并p=4.94×10~(-3))和rs56122285(合并p=2.59×10~(-3))具有eQTL效应,MBD3基因上rs8110543(合并p=6.88×10~(-3))和rs7252741(合并p=1.22×10~(-2))具有eQTL效应,DB得分分别为1b和1f。本研究进一步证实了UQCR,MBD3和TCF3基因在瘦体重变异中的作用,对肌少症的认识提供新的理论依据。     

基于蚁群算法的基因位点组合与眼压数据的相关性分析

设计了一种蚁群算法,用于进行基因多位点组合与连续型表型的关联分析。在欧洲生物信息学研究所发布的一项基因及眼压的数据集上,评估了本文设计方法的性能,实验结果表明,利用本文设计的蚁群算法能够发现与眼压显著相关的基因双位点组合,这为研究青光眼的发病机制提供了新的线索。另外,对于研究其他疾病的多位点组合和连续型表型的关联,本文设计的蚁群算法提供了一种新的思路。     

结瘤和非结瘤近等位基因品系大豆地上部生长性状

采用田间试验方法,以结瘤和非结瘤的近等位基因大豆品系为研究对象,研究了在当地常规施肥管理条件下结瘤和非结瘤品系大豆叶面积、亚表层栅栏细胞数和细胞大小的表现型。结果表明,结瘤品系大豆叶质量比非结瘤品系大,而叶面积却较低。各品种叶片亚表层栅栏组织细胞数也表现出与叶面积相同的规律,而细胞大小却表现为结瘤品系较非结瘤品系细胞大。说明结瘤品系叶面积较小是由于细胞数量减少所致,而不是由细胞大小引起的。图5,参7。     

Primary analysis of QTG contribution to heterosis in upland cotton

In this paper, we analyzed the contribution of pure DNA factors to heterosis using quantitative trait genes (QTG) in two randomly selected strains from a recombinant inbred line of Gossypium hirsutum. According to a set of QTL mapping results, combined with analysis of DNA recombinant fragment sources in the two strains and QTL association analysis with their field traits, we hypothesize a view of “dominance + overdominance + epistasis”. That is, additive and additive epistasis may be the genetic basis of heterosis, and dominance, overdominance and epistasis may be the modes of heterosis action. Based on the heterosis results of this study, we also suggest a molecular mechanism for heterosis, and explain, in detail, with two randomly selected strains as examples. The male and female parent-derived additive epistatic QTLs of upper half mean length in LG01 and LG03 produced a trait variance of 2.99–3.52 compared with the female parent-derived loci. The trait of bolls per plant was controlled by two pairs of additive epistatic QTLs in LG02 and LG07, which were derived from both female and male parents. The QTLs were reciprocally interacted and produced a trait variance of 0.86. An initial concept of “super-hybrid cotton” was raised according to the nature of additive effect, that is genetic stability.