动态滤波反投影图像重建算法研究

图像重建算法是过程层析成像(Process Tomography,PT)中的关键技术之一.本文提出了一种动态滤波反投影算法(Active Filter Linear Back Projection,AFLBP),并进行了实验仿真.结果表明,采用AFLBP对ECT系统中图像进行重建,可使系统在保持快速成像的同时,较好地解决了敏感场的非均匀分布和固定灰度阈值造成的成像精度问题,大大提高了系统的成像精度.     

基于跟踪信息的多帧联合检测方法

传统多帧联合检测方法针对搜索阶段进行设计, 由于无任何目标信息, 需要采用较高的检测门限以降低虚警数量。然而, 一旦成功建航, 目标存在性已确定, 可利用目标跟踪信息调整多帧联合检测策略, 以提升微弱目标检测能力。基于上述考虑, 本文提出了一种基于跟踪信息的多帧联合检测方法。首先利用当前时刻跟踪信息建立预测波门, 然后设定较低的单帧检测门限保障微弱目标信号的高概率检测, 最后在航迹恒虚警约束下调整多帧联合检测门限, 从而完成航迹维持和撤销。仿真实验表明所提方法可有效提高目标检测概率和跟踪维持概率。     

测量误差与天文定位误差

论述了基于最优估计理论的天文定位方法中天体高度测量精度与定位精度的关系．理论分析和实验表明,即使高度测量精度较差时,仍可获得满意的定位结果．     

异构双腿机器人步态规划与控制实现

为了给智能仿生腿的开发提供一个理想的研究平台,提出了异构双腿行走机器人(BRHL)这一全新的类人机器人模式.首先阐述了BRHL的概念及研究意义,然后基于分割建模思想给出了BRHL的协调动力学模型.提出了修正的Sigmoid磁流变阻尼器建模方法并进行了实验建模.详细阐述了基于步态跟随的BRHL步态规划方法并进行了仿真.最后给出了BRHL的控制系统设计,利用Pro/E,ADAMS及MATLAB/Simulink对BRHL进行了虚拟样机联合控制仿真.仿真结果表明,基于MR阻尼器控制的仿生腿能够很好地实现对人工腿的步态跟随.     

Testing homogeneity of Japanese CPI forecasters

This paper investigates whether some forecasters consistently outperform others using Japanese CPI forecast data of 42 forecasters over the past 18 quarters. It finds that the accuracy rankings of 0, 1, 2, and 5‐month forecasts are significantly different from those that might be expected when all forecasters had equal forecasting ability. Moreover, their rankings of the relative forecast levels are also significantly different from a random one. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Forecasting regional house price inflation: a comparison between dynamic factor models and vector autoregressive models

This paper uses the dynamic factor model framework, which accommodates a large cross‐section of macroeconomic time series, for forecasting regional house price inflation. In this study, we forecast house price inflation for five metropolitan areas of South Africa using principal components obtained from 282 quarterly macroeconomic time series in the period 1980:1 to 2006:4. The results, based on the root mean square errors of one to four quarters ahead out‐of‐sample forecasts over the period 2001:1 to 2006:4 indicate that, in the majority of the cases, the Dynamic Factor Model statistically outperforms the vector autoregressive models, using both the classical and the Bayesian treatments. We also consider spatial and non‐spatial specifications. Our results indicate that macroeconomic fundamentals in forecasting house price inflation are important. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Intermittent demand forecasting in the Enterprise: Empirical verification

Forecasting methods are often valued by means of simulation studies. For intermittent demand items there are often very few non–zero observations, so it is hard to check any assumptions, because statistical information is often too weak to determine, for example, distribution of a variable. Therefore, it seems important to verify the forecasting methods on the basis of real data. The main aim of the article is an empirical verification of several forecasting methods applicable in case of intermittent demand. Some items are sold only in specific subperiods (in given month in each year, for example), but most forecasting methods (such as Croston's method) give non–zero forecasts for all periods. For example, summer work clothes should have non–zero forecasts only for summer months and many methods will usually provide non–zero forecasts for all months under consideration. This was the motivation for proposing and testing a new forecasting technique which can be applicable to seasonal items. In the article six methods were applied to construct separate forecasting systems: Croston's, SBA (Syntetos–Boylan Approximation), TSB (Teunter, Syntetos, Babai), MA (Moving Average), SES (Simple Exponential Smoothing) and SESAP (Simple Exponential Smoothing for Analogous subPeriods). The latter method (SESAP) is an author's proposal dedicated for companies facing the problem of seasonal items. By analogous subperiods the same subperiods in each year are understood, for example, the same months in each year. A data set from the real company was used to apply all the above forecasting procedures. That data set contained monthly time series for about nine thousand products. The forecasts accuracy was tested by means of both parametric and non–parametric measures. The scaled mean and the scaled root mean squared error were used to check biasedness and efficiency. Also, the mean absolute scaled error and the shares of best forecasts were estimated. The general conclusion is that in the analyzed company a forecasting system should be based on two forecasting methods: TSB and SESAP, but the latter method should be applied only to seasonal items (products sold only in specific subperiods). It also turned out that Croston's and SBA methods work worse than much simpler methods, such as SES or MA. The presented analysis might be helpful for enterprises facing the problem of forecasting intermittent items (and seasonal intermittent items as well).     

Enhancing survey‐based investment forecasts

We investigate the accuracy of capital investment predictors from a national business survey of South African manufacturing. Based on data available to correspondents at the time of survey completion, we propose variables that might inform the confidence that can be attached to their predictions. Having calibrated the survey predictors' directional accuracy, we model the probability of a correct directional prediction using logistic regression with the proposed variables. For point forecasting, we compare the accuracy of rescaled survey forecasts with time series benchmarks and some survey/time series hybrid models. In addition, using the same set of variables, we model the magnitude of survey prediction errors. Directional forecast tests showed that three out of four survey predictors have value but are biased and inefficient. For shorter horizons we found that survey forecasts, enhanced by time series data, significantly improved point forecasting accuracy. For longer horizons the survey predictors were at least as accurate as alternatives. The usefulness of the more accurate of the predictors examined is enhanced by auxiliary information, namely the probability of directional accuracy and the estimated error magnitude.     

基于区间直觉模糊数的得分函数与精确函数及其应用

在模糊决策理论中,区间直觉模糊数的排序是一个非常重要的理论问题.运用得分函数和精确函数对区间直觉模糊数进行有效排序的关键是得分函数和精确函数的科学构建.本文基于得分函数和精确函数的内涵,运用概率论全概率公式思想提出了新的得分函数和精确函数,并证明了其公理化的性质.通过大量的实际数据测算与比较分析,验证了本文提出的得分函数和精确函数的科学性,从而在对区间直觉模糊数排序时更有效、更准确.     

Heterogeneous Forecast Adjustment

There is ample empirical evidence that expert‐adjusted model forecasts can be improved. One way to potential improvement concerns providing various forms of feedback to the sales forecasters. It is also often recognized that the experts (forecasters) might not constitute a homogeneous group. This paper provides a data‐based methodology to discern latent clusters of forecasters, and applies it to a fully new large database with data on expert‐adjusted forecasts, model forecasts and realizations. For the data at hand, two clusters can clearly be identified. Next, the consequences of having clusters are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.