Estimation of wind erosion rates by using 137Cs tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the 137Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63=44.91 to 1279.54=166.53 Bq. m-2, and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t. km-2. a-~ accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect （from Tariat to Sainshand）, the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect （Inner Mongolia）, the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

2017年土壤重金属污染与修复研究热点回眸

 土壤污染关系着生态环境质量、农产品安全及人体健康,土壤重金属污染与修复是社会发展所赋予的重要研究课题。本文遴选2017年度在重金属污染的来源时空解析、监测和风险评估、过程和形态转化、植物修复机制、植物修复强化调控措施、稳定化修复、修复措施对土壤生物与化学性质影响、重金属污染土壤安全利用等方面的研究进展进行盘点。     

动态光线跟踪算法与实现

提出动态光线跟踪的动态可视区域重跟踪算法理论规则及实现算法,有效解决了传统光线跟踪算法由于计算量大而难以应用于动态模型的难题,是将光线跟踪技术真正有效应用于计算机实时动画领域的新算法。本算法包括运动物体及其反射、折射可视区域和运动背景在离散时间序列的重跟踪算法,以及两种针对动态可视区域重跟踪的消隐算法。     

自动绘制沉积微相图算法设计

成功地给出了沉积微相边缘追踪算法和边缘线生成算法。根据相带连通边界井之间的位置关系 ,将每一口边界井的周围生成的一系列单元控制线连接起来就可以画出沉积边缘线 (相带线 )。单元相带线的形状是由 3个控制点的位置决定的。针对沉积微相图上各种错综复杂的微相叠合及接触关系 ,系统地归纳和设计了 2 0 0多条规则。应用这些规则和算法 ,可以准确地求出相带线的位置。特别是运用控制线单元的生成技术 ,用户通过鼠标在屏幕上拾取控制线单元的控制点就可以实现人机交互功能。同时 ,向量成图技术使得成果图件的复用、修改和再生成为可能。实际应用结果表明 ,计算机自动绘制沉积微相图软件的绘图效果能够满足地质工作的需求。     

基于曲线拟合的移动目标卫星动态跟踪方法

研究卫星对移动目标的动态跟踪问题,主要解决卫星的实时指向计算。本文在已知移动目标的位置信息情况下,建立卫星观测目标的空间几何模型;利用STK（Satellite Tool Kit）软件辅助构建卫星对移动目标的指向序列,设计跟踪曲线的分段拟合方法;建立在时统误差影响下卫星视轴切换的约束模型。通过实验验证了分段曲线拟合方法对于减小误差的有效性,可以较好地提高卫星对移动目标跟踪的准确性和时效性。     

基于Lagrangian Gaussian光束的数值方法

给出一种二维非均匀介质波场计算的渐近方法, 该方法基于Lagrangian Gaussian光束(简称LGB)系统的波场数值模拟, 利用任何一个非均匀介质的光束都是独立连续的, 完整的波场即为由所有这些Guassian光束叠加得到的原则构造数值方法, 并用数值结果验证了该方法的有效性.     

光线跟踪方法实现红外视景成像仿真系统

简要介绍了红外场景仿真工作中所设计和开发的,用于固定几何形状场景的红外成像仿真系统的基本结构,各个模块的基本功能以及它们之间的相互关系。针对红外成像仿真中与可见光成像的不同的地方作了详细的介绍和分析,展示了仿真的结果并分析了红外成像仿真在红外图像分析和算法研究上所能起到的重要作用。将传统的光线跟踪方法应用到红外成像仿真中,针对红外成像的特性,实现了相应的红外成像渲染器。从渲染结果上看,光线跟踪方法是生成强真实感的红外图像,实现红外成像仿真的一种有效方法。     

Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.     

基于CCD的智能车寻迹方法

介绍自主式寻迹智能车的设计,探讨采用电荷耦合器件(CCD)作为路径采集模块实现自主寻迹的软硬件设计方法.系统以Texas Instrument公司的TMS320LF2407A为主控制器,实现了对CCD输出的黑白视频信号的实时采集处理,通过边沿提取算法获得路径信息,对舵机和驱动电机采用P控制算法,使得智能车行驶快速流畅.研究表明此设计方案可在黑白(或色差较大)赛道上获得良好的自主寻迹效果.     

Tracing the major source area of the mountainous runoff generation of the Heihe River in northwest China using stable isotope technique

Based on the data of δ^18O in precipitation during the period of April 2006 through May 2007 in the upper catchment of the main stream of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains, we found that there existed an evident altitude effect on δ^18O in precipitation, and the δ^18O-altitude gradient was -0.18‰/100 m. When δ^18O in river water at the outlet of the mountainous drainage area of the main stream of the Heihe River was combined with the δ^18O-altitude relation, it was realized that the mountainous runoff was generated mostly at high altitudes. Using two component models, we revealed that 80.2% of the annual total mountainous runoff amount was generated at the alpine permafrost-snow-ice zone with an altitude of above 3600 m a.s.I.