基于有限体积法的螺旋槽气体推力轴承润滑计算

为避免螺旋槽边界曲线对计算造成的不便,利用坐标变换将螺旋区域变为扇形单元,采用有限体积法得到气体雷诺方程的离散计算式,并将计算结果与已发表的有限差分法、有限元方法及解析算法的计算结果进行对照,验证了本文计算模型和数值方法的正确性.结果表明:当螺旋角在10°到15°之间取值时,承载力可获得最大值;槽深减小,压力增大,摩擦转矩也有一定的增加;压力分布的明显特点是:槽台交界处压力取极值;压缩数高,压力增大,压力梯度大.     

Improved and excellent ethanol sensing properties of SnO2/multiwalled carbon nanotubes

SnO₂/multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) have been studied as gas sensing materials. Compared with pure SnO₂, SnO₂/MWNTs exhibit improved ethanol sensing properties such as higher sensitivity and quicker response/recovery at 300°C. The sensitivity is 35, 65, 166 and 243 to 500, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm ethanol, respectively. The response time is about 1 s, and the recovery time is about 5 s. The sensing improvement is explained in terms of the appropriate basal resistance and enhanced signal transfer brought by MWNTs.     

Identification of petroleum aromatic fraction by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-TOFMS) is com-mercially available in the 1990s, with the characteristics of large peak capacity, high resolution, high sensitivity, etc. However, its application to the petroleum and geological analyses is just emerging in China and overseas. In this research, the analytical method for petroleum aromatic fraction using GC×GC-TOFMS is set up, via the choice of the column system and optimization of setting parameters, such as temperature programming, modulation time, hot pulse time, flow rate of carrier gas, data acquisition rate and data processing. The results indicate that different polar compounds of aromatic fraction distribute as bands on structured GC×GC chromatogram. Within each band, homologous compounds appear as a roof-tile structure based on the number of substituent residues. The aromatic compounds are identified and characterized according to the GC×GC chromatogram and mass spectra. According to the polarity and the number of rings, aromatic compounds are spatially present on one chromatogram, which directly reflects the distribution characteristics of complex compounds of aromatic hydrocarbons. In addition, quantitative analysis is favored as some overlapped peaks on traditional GC-MS chromatogram have been separated completely on GC×GC. Some heterocyclic atom aromatic compounds at trace level can be clearly identified using this method, for polarity differences from other interfered aromatic compounds. The development of this method and chromatogram recognition offer petroleum geologists a practical example for the application performance of GC×GC-TOFMS.     

Geochemical characteristics of light hydrocarbons in natural gases from the Turpan-Hami Basin and identification of low-mature gas

Theoretical and practical knowledge regarding low-mature gasses is of significant importance to identifying potential natural gas resources. Light hydrocarbon parameters and C and H isotopes are useful tools to identify low-mature gas. Twenty gas samples were collected from the Turpan-Hami Basin for light hydrocarbon analyses. The results showed that the light hydrocarbon components of natural gases contain high methylcycloxane, high isoparaffin and low benzene. This implies that the gas-generating parent materials are of typical humus type and the paleoenvironment is a fresh water sedimentary environment. These features are consistent with the geological setting of the basin. Comparative studies of isoheptane, heptane, and the carbon isotopic compositions of methane in natural gases, and other maturity indices indicated that natural gases in the Turpan-Hami Basin are dominated by low-mature gas formed during the low evolution stage of Jurassic coal seams. The parent materials are of type III, and the maturation degree was in the low evolution stage. These are the fundamental characteristics of low-mature gas. Results of light hydrocarbon research provided further evidence to suggest that the Turpan-Hami Basin is a large-scale gas producer of low-mature gas in China. It is likely that this resource will play an important role in future exploration and development of low-mature gas in China.     

7Be示踪内蒙古阴山北麓开垦草原土壤风蚀的尝试性研究

以放射性核素7Be为研究手段,对内蒙古阴山北麓开垦草原区春季土壤中的放射性核素7Be含量的连续性动态变化规律及土壤剖面中7Be含量的垂直变化特征进行了尝试性研究.由于7Be主要随降雨到达地表,而研究区春季(3~6月)降水很少,使得该时间段的7Be沉降量很小,在土壤表层没有形成明显的分布规律,因此,7Be不能作为估算开垦草原土壤风蚀量的示踪剂.     

延长燃气发动机空气滤清器芯使用寿命的对策

以晋城煤业集团金驹股份公司煤矸石电厂为例,在概述发电机组组成的基础上,分析了影响空气滤清器芯使用寿命的因素,探讨了延长燃气发动机空气滤清器芯使用寿命的对策。     

试析焦油加工尾气治理技术的应用及改进

分析了焦油加工厂废气的主要成分,介绍了焦油加工企业采用的将尾气集中至排气洗净塔中进行处理的过程,探讨了其工艺现状和工艺设备的改进。     

船舶柴油机工作原理和防止空气污染对策

本文主要介绍船舶柴油机的构成和工作原理,分析其有害气体排放情况,并根据MARPOL公约对污染气体排放的相关规定,为如何有效降低污染提出建议.     

考虑井筒热效应的气体井底压力计算

将井筒热效应考虑成一维热对流,将地层简化成热传导,使用Ramey定义的综合换热系数将井筒温度与地层温度联系起来,从而建立温度方程,通过解析求解得到温度变化函数.由气体状态方程将温度与压力联系起来,得到由于温度变化而产生的附加压力,将这一附加压力通过内边界条件加入到气体渗流方程中,最终得到考虑井筒热效应的井底压力表达式.比较了考虑热效应与不考虑热效应井底压力的不同,并使用某油田一个实例验证了考虑热效应时井底压力表达式的正确性.     

墨西哥湾盆地陆棚区油气田数量与储量规模的分形分析

在对墨西哥湾盆地陆棚区已探明油气田储量规模划分的基础上, 应用分形理论对油气田数量与储量规模之间的分形关系进行了研究, 讨论了油气田储量规模分布的分数维值D的含义。油气田储量规模分布的分数维值D反映了油气田的勘探开发程度, 勘探开发程度越高, 分数维值D越大; 勘探开发程度越低, 分数维值D越小。利用分形方法可以较好地分析油气田储量规模与数量之间的关系, 评判油气田勘探开发的程度, 预测未来发现油气田的数量及其储量规模。