凉山彝族兰花烟

本文从生物学特性、传统习惯、历史史实等方面，对凉山彝族吸食的兰花烟进行考证和研究，并对立山彝族传统文化中不健康的烟文化内容，结合现代思想进行了批判。     

样品粒度和光谱分辨率对烟草烟碱NIR预测模型的影响

 以烟草粉末样品的近红外分析为例,研究了在不同样品粒度和不同分辨率下采集的样品光谱对建立的烟碱含量预测模型的影响.结果表明,样品粒度对预测模型有较大影响,细粉末烟叶样品所建的模型在各项评价指标上均较粗粉末样品所建模型好,且实际预测准确性高,因此建议烟叶粉末样品先过0.441 mm以下的筛子后再进行光谱采集.同时,分别以2,4,8,16,32,64cm^-1的分辨率扫描的烟叶粉末样品对预测模型的影响也非常明显,高分辨率扫描样品所建的模型在各评价指标上均比低分辨率扫描所建的模型好,预测准确性高,但综合考虑扫描时间和光谱图文件大小等因素,以分辨率为8cm^-1扫描的光谱最能满足实际建模的需要.     

钾盐在烟草燃烧过程中的作用

采用等体积浸渍法分别在烟草中加入硝酸钾KNO3、柠檬酸钾K3C6H5O7、草酸钾K2C2O4及酒石酸钾K2C4H4O6，并用差热分析（differential thermal analysis,DTA)、程序升温反应在线质谱分析（temperature-programmed reaction mass spectrometry on-line analysis,TPR-MS)方法对烟草进行了表征，用气相色谱法考察了主流烟气中CO含量的变化。结果表明，加入钾盐后，CO含量都有不同程度的降低。在钾盐含量为0．2475mmol/g的上述四种烟草样品上，烟气中CO含量按空白烟草T＞KNO3／T＞K2C2O4／T＞K3C6H5O7／T＞K2C4H4O6／T顺序排列。DTA给出的低温峰减弱、高温峰增强的结果表明，K^ 的加入改变了烟草燃烧过程中物质的转化历程，从而降低了卷烟的燃烧温度。通过对TPR－MS和DTA结果的联合分析，得出由于钾与烟草中的有机组分作用，含不同钾盐的烟草燃烧时产生了类似的含钾中间物质。证实了K^ 对烟草燃烧的作用机理，说明了钾盐降低烟草燃烧温度的原因。最后，还分析了主流烟气中CO含量的变化与DTA结果间的联系。     

H2O2诱导烟草悬浮细胞的凋亡

烟草悬浮细胞经不同浓度的过氧化氢处理发现 ,当用 6mmol L的H2 O2 处理时从形态学上可观察到明显的染色质凝聚 ,细胞质皱缩和细胞核解体等现象 ;DNA电泳结果显示发生凋亡的细胞基因组DNA被降解形成明显的DNA梯状条带 ,从而表现出典型的细胞凋亡特征 .其他高浓度的处理也有以上特征 ,但细胞坏死数目也相对增多 ,因此本研究认为 6mmol L的H2 O2 处理 2 4h能够非常有效地诱导烟草悬浮细胞的凋亡 .     

从废次烟草中提取茄尼醇的新工艺研究

茄尼醇是一种重要的医药原料。本文介绍了一种从废次烟草中提取茄尼醇的新的工艺路线，用价廉易得的PE溶剂代替现有生产工艺上常用的正已烷溶剂，可提高茄尼醇的提取率和溶剂回收率，降低生产成本。     

木质素降解菌L1原生质体的形成和再生

从自然界筛选出一株降解木质素高的白腐真菌 L1,对其原生质体的形成和再生进行了研究。在 OS培养基中生长的菌丝体 ,原生质体数量较高。在液体培养条件下 ,于 OS培养基中培养 60 h的菌丝体 ,用 0 .3% β-巯基乙醇与酶液同时处理菌丝体 ,采用 p H5 .0的混合酶 (蜗牛酶∶纤维素酶∶溶菌酶的最佳浓度比为 5∶ 4∶ 1 ) ;在 30℃酶解 4h;用 0 .4mol/L NH4Cl,1 0 mmol/L Mg SO4作渗透压稳定剂时 ,原生质体数量达到 4.32× 1 0 5个 /mg。 OS双层再生培养基最适于原生质体再生     

Transformation of the salt-tolerant gene of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Avicennia marina</Emphasis> into tobacco plants and cultivation of salt-tolerant lines

Salt-tolerant gene, CSRG1, which was isolated from a kind of salt-tolerant mangroves, Avicennia marina, constructed the transgenic plasmid, pGAM189/CSRG1. CSRG1, GUS, Kmr and Hyg^r could be transferred into tobacco genome by the ameliorated leaf discs method of agro-bacterium-mediate transformation. Thirteen stable resistant lines were obtained when fifty transgenic explants were selected through 50 mg/L hygromycin and 150 mg/L kanamycin. Assessments of PCR amplification, Southern blot analysis and GUS histochemical staining showed that CSRG1 has been integrated into the genome of the eleven transgenic lines (frequency of transformation was 22%). Northern bolt analysis revealed that CSRG1 had expressed in transgenic lines. The assessments of salt-tolerant ability and photosyn-thetic rates indicated that the survival rate of the transgenic lines is 80%—90% and the transgenic lines could increase by 30%—40% in plant height, even when they were cultivated in MS medium containing 2% NaCl and the total seawater (salinity 24). It is supposed that the special physiologic metabolic pathway formed by the products of CSRG1 can really endow the tobacco plants with the high salt-tolerant ability, not only to Na^ stress, but also to the comprehensive stress of various ions.     

Enhancement of monacolin K production via intergeneric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus and Monascus anka

Intergenric protoplast fusion between Aspergillus terreus CA99 and Monascus anka M-3, the high and low producers of monacolin K respectively，was performed for enhancement of monacolin K production. The 24-hour-old mycelia of A. terreus CA99 and M. anka M-3 were treated with 0.5% lywallzyme, 0.3% snailase and 0.3% cellulase at 34℃ for 5 h and at 30℃ for 3.5 h, and their protoplasts formation reached 1.76×10⁷/mL and 1.68×10⁷/mL respectively. Parental protoplasts were irradiated with a 30 W UV light away from 30 cm for 3 min and then mixed. The mixture was incubated with 30% PEG 6000 for 15 min. The reviving fusants were isolated on the regeneration plates. Of the 363 fusants isolated, over 100 showed enhanced monacolin K production compared with the parental strain M. anka M-3. Ten of them produced monacolin K about 1.6-fold of that M.anka M-3 does and the monacolin K titer of two fusants (F49 and F104) increased by about 1-fold. The monacolin K yields of F49 and F104 were 460 μg/mL and 457 μg/mL respectively. In optimized fermentation medium, the monacolin K titer of F49 reached 1216 μg/mL.     

原子荧光光谱法测定烟草中的砷和汞

研究了用原子荧光光谱法同时测定烟草中的砷和汞,烟草样品采用HNO3-H2O2消化体系微波消化,然后用原子荧光光谱法测定.在最佳微波消化条件和测定条件下,线性范围为:Hg 0.1~150μg/L、As 0.1~200μg/L,检出限均为0.035μg/L,汞测定的相对标准偏差为2.8%,砷测定的相对标准偏差为2.5%,汞的标准回收率为93%,砷的标准回收率为96%,结果令人满意.     

氮磷钾配施对土壤氮素累积及烤烟产量品质的影响

通过大田试验研究了不同氮磷钾配施对NH4^＋-N和NO2^- —N在植烟土壤中累积及烤烟产量品质的影响．结果表明：在烤烟团棵期，合理的氮磷钾配施能较大幅度提高0～20cm土层NH4^＋ -N和NO3^- —N的含量，对NH4^＋ -N和NO3^- —N含量的影响随着土层的加深而减弱．不同氮磷钾配施对烤烟产量和品质有较大的影响，重庆市植烟区氮磷钾适宜的比例为1：1．6：2．5，即施用N肥105．45kg／hm^2，P肥168．72kg／hm^2，K肥263．63kg／hm^2烟叶产量最高．