聚合物/表面活性剂二元驱扩大波及体积性能

利用微观刻蚀、层间非均质平板、层内非均质平板模型驱油实验研究聚合物/表面活性剂二元驱扩大波及体积性能。结果表明,残余油多以膜状、岛状、喉道、盲端、柱状、簇状等6种形式存在。微观上,二元驱转向水驱无法波及的含油孔隙区域内驱替残余油;宏观上,其对高渗透区域产生封堵,迫使其进入渗流阻力较小的低渗透区域内驱替残余油,扩大波及体积效果显著,提高采收率13.4%~14.3%。二元驱通过聚合物增加驱替液黏度,使其吸附及滞留在孔隙中,降低驱替相渗透率,驱替相流度减小;二元驱对油黏度影响很小,油聚集在驱替液前缘,增加油相渗透率,油相流度变大。由此,两相流度比减小,克服注水指进,增加吸水厚度,提高波及系数,进而提高采收率。     

关于提高硫酸型光亮镀锡镀液稳定性的探讨

本论文讨论了提高硫酸型光亮镀锡镀液稳定性与使用新型光亮剂“SA”的优点,特别是镀液中使用了光亮剂会获得平整而光亮的锡镀层,同时镀液显示出高稳定性。     

并联混合动力客车模式切换过程控制研究

针对单轴并联混合动力客车结合离合器的模式切换,设计了发动机已启动和未启动时模式切换的控制策略.对于发动机未启动的模式切换,考虑离合器滑磨功和驾驶员需求,提出了在挡启动发动机和空挡启动发动机的控制策略.在转矩恢复时利用电机对发动机转矩进行补偿,考虑驾驶员需求、电池状态和整车控制策略,制定电机补偿发动机转矩的策略. 通过台架和实车试验验证了策略的可行性与优越性.      

Influence of growth conditions on the electrochemical synthesis of SnS thin films and their optical properties

Tin sulfide (SnS) thin films were prepared by electrodeposition onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates using an aqueous solution containing SnCl₂ and Na₂S₂O₃ at various deposition potentials (E) and bath concentrations. The pH value and temperature of the solution were kept constant. The deposited films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), photoluminescence (PL), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy. The FESEM images demonstrated that changes in the deposition potential (E) and solution concentration led to marked changes in the morphology of the deposited SnS films. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) results showed that the Sn/S atomic ratio strongly depended on both the solution concentration and the deposition potential. To obtain an Sn/S atomic ratio approximately equal to 1, the optimal Sn2+/S₂O₃2- molar ratio and E parameter were 1/8 and -1.0 V, respectively. The XRD patterns showed that the synthesized SnS was obviously polycrystalline, with an orthorhombic structure. The effects of the variations of bath concentration and deposition potential on the band-gap energy (E_g) were studied using PL and UV–Vis experiments. The PL spectra of all the SnS films contained two peaks in the visible region and one peak in the infrared (IR) region. The UV–Vis spectra showed that the optical band-gap energy varies from 1.21 to 1.44 eV.     

基于低秩矩阵恢复的作物器官自动提取方法

为了解决精准农业中作物器官的自动提取问题, 以玉米雄穗为例, 提出一种基于低秩矩阵恢复的作物器官自动提取方法。 作物生长图像是由背景和器官两大元素组成, 在图像特征空间则表现为一个低秩矩阵和一个稀疏矩阵之和。 利用低秩矩阵恢复算法求解代表器官的稀疏矩阵。 为了保证恢复时背景是低秩的, 利用作物生长历史数据, 学习最佳的转换矩阵。 最后, 利用动态阈值分割以及色度鄄亮度查找表完成器官的准确提取。实验结果表明, 该方法取得了93. 9%的最高性能值和2. 86%的最低标准差, 在多品种、 实际农田复杂环境下能获得更好的提取结果。     

Sn/Sn3O4?x heterostructure rich in oxygen vacancies with enhanced visible light photocatalytic oxidation performance

Sn3O4,a common two-dimensional semiconductor photocatalyst,can absorb visible light.However,owing to its rapid recombina-tion of photogenerated electron?hole pairs,its absorption is not sufficient for practical application.In this work,a Sn nanoparticle/Sn3O4?x nanosheetheterostructurewaspreparedbyin situreductionofSn3O4underaH2atmosphere.TheSchottkyjunctionsformedbetweenSnand Sn3O4?x can enhance the photogenerated carrier separation ability.During the hydrogenation process,a portion of the oxygen in the semicon-ductor can be extracted by hydrogen to form water,resulting in an increase in oxygen vacancies in the semiconductor.The heterostructure showed the ability to remove Rhodamine B.Cell cytocompatibility experiments proved that Sn/Sn3O4?x can significantly enhance cell compat-ibility and reduce harm to organisms.This work provides a new method for the fabrication of a Schottky junction composite photocatalyst rich in oxygen vacancies with enhanced photocatalytic performance.     

Recovery of gold from hydrometallurgical leaching solution of electronic waste via spontaneous reduction by polyaniline

The present study is primarily designed to develop an environmentally-benign approach for the recovery of precious metals, especially gold, from the ever increasingly-discarded electronic wastes (e-waste). By coupling the metal reduction process with an increase in the intrinsic oxidation state of the aniline polymers, and the subsequent re-protonation and reduction of the intrinsically oxidized polymer to the protonated emeraldine (EM) salt, polyaniline (PANi) films and polyaniline coated cotton fibers are able to recover metallic gold from acid/halide leaching solutions of electronic wastes spontaneously and sustainably. The current technique, which does not require the use of extensive extracting reagents or external energy input, can recover as much as 90% of gold from the leaching acidic solutions. The regeneration of polyaniline after gold recovery, as confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, promises the continuous operation using the current approach. The as-recovered elemental gold can be further concentrated and purified by incineration in air.     

废料中W、Co元素的二次回收

目的确定从废钨钴硬质合金中回收钨(W)和钴(Co)等金属元素的适用技术和方法。方法通过酸溶解、除杂质(如Fe等)、Co分离等一系列步骤,来实现W和Co元素的回收,Co可以用来生产CoCl2等。结果通过试验确定了适用的回收条件,钨、钴的回收率分别可以达到93.87%和96.82%。结论该方法流程短,设备和操作简单,有价金属回收率高,回收产品质量好,纯度高,具有良好的实用价值。     

不同降压体系降压效果实验研究

北一区三类油层储层物性变化大、剩余油分布零散,导致其水驱挖潜难度大,在水驱开发过程中往往出现注水井注入压力高,吸水能力差的问题,针对上述问题进行实验室降压增注实验研究,对比不同配方降压剂对水驱提高采收率的影响,并根据北一区三类油层注入水有严重的结垢趋势,提出在降压剂配方中加入阻垢剂的措施。纳米聚硅和生物酶体系的降压率分别为18.79%,16.86%,4种活性剂体系的降压率分别是22.09%,25.47%、20.20%,21.55%,活性体系的降压率会随着注入量的增加出现小幅度的上升。综合分析实验结果提出两种可供现场使用的方案:注入甜菜碱一元活性体系,注入浓度为0.2%,注入量为0.1 PV;由0.2%石油磺酸盐和0.6%阻垢剂组成二元体系,优选0.15 PV的注入量。