基于递推规范变量分析的时变过程故障检测

由于规范变量分析(CVA)不适应过程的时变特性,容易把正常的过程改变识别为故障.因此,针对时变过程提出一种故障检测方法是十分必要的.采用指数权重滑动平均来更新过去观测矢量的协方差矩阵.递推CVA有较高的计算负荷是需要解决的关键问题.通过引入一阶干扰理论来递推更新Hankel矩阵的奇异值分解(SVD).与普通奇异值分解相比,显著降低了递推算法的计算负荷.将提出的基于一阶干扰理论的递推规范变量分析(RCVA-FOP)应用于田纳西伊斯曼化工过程中.仿真结果表明,所提出方法不仅能有效适应过程的时变特性,而且可以有效检测到两种类型的故障.     

Combining multivariate volatility forecasts using weighted losses

The ability to improve out-of-sample forecasting performance by combining forecasts is well established in the literature. This paper advances this literature in the area of multivariate volatility forecasts by developing two combination weighting schemes that exploit volatility persistence to emphasise certain losses within the combination estimation period. A comprehensive empirical analysis of the out-of-sample forecast performance across varying dimensions, loss functions, sub-samples and forecast horizons show that new approaches significantly outperform their counterparts in terms of statistical accuracy. Within the financial applications considered, significant benefits from combination forecasts relative to the individual candidate models are observed. Although the more sophisticated combination approaches consistently rank higher relative to the equally weighted approach, their performance is statistically indistinguishable given the relatively low power of these loss functions. Finally, within the applications, further analysis highlights how combination forecasts dramatically reduce the variability in the parameter of interest, namely the portfolio weight or beta.     

慢时变线性模型参数辨识递推算法及收敛性分析

针对慢时变线性模型,给出辨识的递推算法,并证明该算法能够保证参数收敛在一个有界空间区域,该区域包含参数真值集合;若工作点不发生变化,合理的收敛因子保证参数收敛到对应真值.在实际应用中,工业对象可以利用慢时变线性模型表示,因此该递推算法能够确保工业对象模型实时更新以跟踪工况的变化.通过实例仿真可以看出,该递推算法能够保证慢时变线性模型参数有效更新,并较为准确估计输出变量.     

Ho∞-based fault detection for nonlinear networked systems with random packet dropout and probabilistic interval delay

The fault detection problem for the nonlinear networked control system (NCS) with packet dropout and delay is investigated.A nonlinear stochastic system model is proposed to account for the NCS with random packet dropout and networkinduced non-uniformly distributed time-varying delay in both from sensor to controller (S/C) and from controller to actuator (C/A).Based on the obtained NCS model,employing an observer-based fault detection filter as the residual generator,the addressed fault detection problem is converted into an auxiliary nonlinear H∞ control problem.Then,with the help of Lyapunov functional approach,a sufficient condition for the desired fault detection filter is constructed in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities,which depend on not only the delay interval but also the delay interval occurrence rate and successful packet communication rate.Especially,a trade-off phenomenon between the maximum allowable delay bound and successful data packet transmission rate is found,which is typically resulted from the limited bandwidth of communication networks.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation example.     

二次时变参数离散灰色模型

本文基于离散灰色模型模拟值增长率恒定的原因,通过引入二次时间项来构造了 二次时变参数离散灰色模型(quadratic time-varying parameters discrete grey model,简称为QDGM(1,1)模型).并且研究了该模型的性质.结果说明, QDGM(1,1)模型具 有白指数规律重合性,线性规律重合性,二次规律重合性,伸缩变换一致性.应用最优化方法研究QDGM(1,1)模型迭代基值问题,建立优化模型并提出求解算法.最后叙述了应用 QDGM(1,1)模型建模和预测的步骤,并通过实例比较了QDGM(1,1)模型与原离散灰色 模型及其非齐次离散模型和线性时变参数离散灰色模型的预测能力,最终结果表明本文 提出的QDGM(1,1)模型具有更高的模拟和预测精度.     

时变时滞系统的灰色预测非线性PID控制

针对时变时滞过程提出一种新的控制结构.在此控制结构中,利用遗传算法自动跟踪系统的时滞变化,由灰色预测模型根据辨识的时滞提前预测出系统的输出,而系统的预测输出与输入的偏差以及偏差变化率为非线性PID控制器的输入.仿真结果验证了这种结构能很好地满足时变时滞系统的快速动态响应和稳定性要求.     

H_∞-based fault detection for nonlinear networked systems with random packet dropout and probabilistic interval delay

The fault detection problem for the nonlinear networked control system(NCS) with packet dropout and delay is investigated.A nonlinear stochastic system model is proposed to account for the NCS with random packet dropout and networkinduced non-uniformly distributed time-varying delay in both from sensor to controller(S/C) and from controller to actuator(C/A).Based on the obtained NCS model,employing an observer-based fault detection filter as the residual generator,the addressed fault detection problem is converted into an auxiliary nonlinear H∞ control problem.Then,with the help of Lyapunov functional approach,a sufficient condition for the desired fault detection filter is constructed in terms of certain linear matrix inequalities,which depend on not only the delay interval but also the delay interval occurrence rate and successful packet communication rate.Especially,a trade-off phenomenon between the maximum allowable delay bound and successful data packet transmission rate is found,which is typically resulted from the limited bandwidth of communication networks.The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a simulation example.     

使用Bayes方法识别股市变结构模型

为了使用边际似然函数进行模型变点的有效识别,通过使用变结构模型和Monte Carlo方法,对波动率模型中的变点进行了判断。通过对中国股票市场的波动性进行分析,识别出中国证券市场的4个变点。实证结果表明:中国股票市场从成立以来,一共经历了5个阶段,分别是1990年12月到1991年秋、1991年秋到1992年中、1992年中到1997年中、1997年中到2002年春、2002年春至今。研究发现,中国证券市场结构发生变化与股票市场价格波动无关,而与中国证券市场不断发展和完善息息相关。     

带有时滞(向量)函数的复杂动态网络的同步

讨论了节点含有两类时变时滞,网络结构完全未知时的不确定动态网络模型的同步问题.其中两类时滞分别为:时滞函数和时滞向量函数.首先给出这两个新模型,然后,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论和局部线性化等知识,设计了复杂网络同步的自适应控制器,给出了一些网络同步的充分条件,并且给出了不确定动态网络的参数估计法.最后,数值结果表明...     

Predicting Stock Return Volatility: Can We Benefit from Regression Models for Return Intervals?

We study the performance of recently developed linear regression models for interval data when it comes to forecasting the uncertainty surrounding future stock returns. These interval data models use easy‐to‐compute daily return intervals during the modeling, estimation and forecasting stage. They have to stand up to comparable point‐data models of the well‐known capital asset pricing model type—which employ single daily returns based on successive closing prices and might allow for GARCH effects—in a comprehensive out‐of‐sample forecasting competition. The latter comprises roughly 1000 daily observations on all 30 stocks that constitute the DAX, Germany's main stock index, for a period covering both the calm market phase before and the more turbulent times during the recent financial crisis. The interval data models clearly outperform simple random walk benchmarks as well as the point‐data competitors in the great majority of cases. This result does not only hold when one‐day‐ahead forecasts of the conditional variance are considered, but is even more evident when the focus is on forecasting the width or the exact location of the next day's return interval. Regression models based on interval arithmetic thus prove to be a promising alternative to established point‐data volatility forecasting tools. Copyright ©2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.