Lightning activity on the central Tibetan Plateau and its response to convective available potential energy

Lightning flash activities on the central Tibetan Plateau have been studied by using the satellite-based Lightning Imaging Sensor(LIS)database from January 1998 to July 2002.The lightning activity shows a clear diurnal variation on the central Plateau.The peak lightning activity appears at about 17:00 which is 3 h earlier than that in Jingxhou,Hubei in the same latitude belt nearby,indicating that the lightning activity is a sensitive indicator of solar heating on the Plateau.The lightning discharge is weaker on the Plateau than Jingzhou.Hubei and other low-altitude continental regions because of the lower convective available potential energy(CAPE)on the Plateau.The CAPE on the Plateau is 12 times lower than that in Jingzhou,Hubei,and 20 times lower than that in the sea-level region,such as Guangzhou and Florida.However,the sensitivity of lightning activity to CAPE changes on the Plateau is up to 30 times more sensitive than other prominent low-altitude regions.     

Measurements of leucocyte membrane elasticity based on the optical tweezers

A 1-μm in diameter polystyrene bead coated with lectin is trapped by optical tweezers whics is formed by a focused laser beam (740nm).A leucocyte adhered to the bottom of sample cell is chosen to close to the trapped bead.When their stable combination is confirmed,the leucocyte is displaced by moving the sample stage.A“tether”is then formed between the trapped bead and the membrane.The force acting on the tether is measured by a detector equipped on the optical tweezers system.The deformation of the membrane is diverse in different contact conditions.When the contact area is small,the tether is very thin and the force on it is 7.4pN(10^-12N),while the tether is much thicker under a larger contact area and its corresponding force is about 14pN.It is presumed that the latter is related to the deformation of cytoskeleton.     

变形双重介质分形油藏渗流流动分析

研究了变形双重介质分形油藏渗流问题的压力不稳定响应 ,考虑了储层的双重介质特征和分形特征以及应力敏感地层中介质的变形问题 ,建立了新的应力敏感地层双重分形介质数学模型 ,包括只有裂缝发生形变和裂缝与岩石同时发生形变时定产量生产的两类数学模型。渗透率依赖于孔隙压力变化的流动方程是强非线性的 ,故采用数值方法求解了这些数学模型。探讨了分形参数、变形参数和双重介质参数变化时压力的变化规律 ,给出了典型的压力曲线图板。这些结果可用于试井分析。     

Microstructure and functional morphology of the Early Cambrian problematical fossil Rhombocorniculum

Rhombocorniculum cancellatum from the Lower Cambrian of southern Shaanxi Province (South China) is represented by the dextral and sinistral tooth-like sclerites (both in nearly equal numbers), indicating that the body plan of the organism with these sclerites probably was bilaterian. The main feature of the microstructure of the sclerites is the presence of longitudinally arranged, mutually contiguous hollow tubules, the shared walls consisting of microcrystalline apatite. In transverse cross sections, the sclerite wall mainly exhibits a spongy structure, with pore size decreasing adapically. Functional morphological analysis indicates that the sclerites serve as a defensive rather than a grasping function.     

Nd isotopic characteristics of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks and constraints on their provenance in the eastern segment of Central Tianshan Belt, Xinjiang

Sm-Nd isotopic characteristics, εNd(t) values and Nd model ages (TDM) of Proterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the eastern segment of Central Tianshan Belt (ESCTB), Xinjiang, are used to constrain the sedimentary provenance as well as to evaluate their tectonic implications. εNd(t) and TDM values of these samples range from -4.00 to +6.36 and from 1.29 to 2.29 Ga, respectively. These feature values are distinguished from those of Archean Tarim Craton. Their average εNd(t) values of the Weiya, the Kumishi and the south to the Dikar samples are -2.46, +2.06 and +1.37, respectively. Nd model ages of the Weiya samples vary between 1.86 and 2.29 Ga, but those of the Kumishi and the south to the Dikar samples show a significant concentration at 1.6～1.9 Ga and the youngest Nd model age is 1.29 Ga. Those Nd isotopic characteristics suggest that these metasedimentary rocks could be derived from a significant proportion of Paleoproterozoic crustal source and a participation of young arc materials, rather than Archean Tarim Craton. Furthermore, the data also indicate that these two sources were paleogeographically separated. Thus we can deduce that the Kumishi and the south to the Dikar metasedimentary rocks were formed proximal to the arc side of the back-arc basin, but the Weiya metasedimentary rocks were closer to the continental side of the back-arc basin.     

Shakedown Analysis of 3-D Structures Using the Boundary Element Method Based on the Static Theorem

The static shakedown theorem was reformulated for the boundary element method (BEM) rather than the finite element method with Melan‘s theorem, then used to develop a numerical solution procedure for shakedown analysis. The self-equilibrium stress field was constructed by a linear combination of several basis self-equilibrium stress fields with undetermined parameters. These basis self-equilibrium stress fields were expressed as elastic responses of the body to imposed permanent strains obtained using a 3-D BEM elastic-plastic incremental analysis. The lower bound for the shakedown load was obtained from a series of nonlinear mathematical programming problems solved using the Complex method. Numerical examples verified the precision of the present method.     

功能型丙烯酸乳液的合成及其性能

以一种阴离子表面活性剂与辛烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚为复合乳化剂，在基体配方中加入多种功能单体，采用半连续滴加方法制备了室温自交联型丙烯酸乳液，讨论了功能单体丙烯酸含量、单体滴加时间对丙烯酸乳液的流变性能、乳胶膜的交联度及耐水性的影响。结果表明：随着丙烯酸含量增加，其乳液粘度上升，乳胶膜交联度增加、吸水率先下降后上升；增加单体滴加时间，可使乳胶粒平均粒径变小，分布变窄，相应生成的乳液粘度变小，同时其乳胶膜交联度上升，吸水率下降。     

长成冻时间的深部调驱剂研究

长成冻时间的深部调驱剂是以 HPAM为主的复配聚合物 ,由树脂交联剂 1 0 3交联形成的 .由冻胶强度级别的划分定性地测定成冻时间和突破真空度的方法定量测定冻胶强度 .评价了不同聚合物、交联剂及矿化度在不同温度下的成冻时间及强度 ,并作出了成冻时间及强度等值图 .结果表明 :成冻时间在 1～ 3 0 d范围内可调 ,强度 (即 p BV值 )在 - 0 .0 6 0～ - 0 .0 3 0 MPa范围内可调 .由成冻时间和强度等值图可找出具体地层条件下的不同成冻时间及不同强度调驱剂配方     

阿尔金断裂的研究现状及其控油意义

阿尔金断裂是中国西北一条巨型的NEE断裂构造,也是青藏高原的西北边界,它在青藏高原的隆升及中国大陆动力学演化方面有着及其重要的地位,一直成为国内外地学界研究的热点.断裂活动的时间、方式、速度及规模等是阿尔金断裂问题争论的焦点.针对目前国内外研究现状,结合柴达木盆地一些实际资料,认为阿尔金断裂带的活动具有多期次性,而至少在中新世时期开始阿尔金总体呈左行走滑的趋势;阿尔金断裂带对柴达木盆地与塔里木盆地的沉积构造演化起着重要的作用,从而对西部大陆构造格架及两侧盆地油气运聚具有重要的控制意义.     

氧自由基清除剂及其在体育运动领域中的应用

综述了近年来医学界、生物学界及体育界关于氧自由基清除剂的研究现状,分析归纳出氧自由基清除剂的种类、氧自由基对机体的作用及清除机理、抗氧自由基天然成分的功能性食品及其在体育运动领域中对运动员健康的保护作用.