厌氧接触发酵制氢反应器的启动和运行特性

以稀释糖蜜为底料,探讨了厌氧接触反应设备用于连续流发酵制氢的可行性,考查了其启动运行特性.以污水好氧生物处理系统的剩余污泥为种泥,反应器在污泥接种量9.3 g(MLVSS)/L、进水COD 5 000 mg/L、HRT 8 h和系统温度(35±1)℃等条件下启动,30 d后达到稳定运行状态,乙醇和乙酸之和的质量百分数,占液相末端发酵产物总量的69.8%,呈现典型的乙醇型发酵特征.在稳定运行阶段,系统的pH值、碱度、氧化还原电位分别维持在4.8,460 mg/L,-305 mV左右,平均产气速率和产氢速率分别达到33.2和13.4 L/d.厌氧接触发酵制氢反应设备,呈现出良好的产氢性能和运行稳定性.     

气升式一体化A/O生物膜反应器脱氮研究

构建了新型气升式一体化A/O生物膜反应器用于生活污水的脱氮处理,考察了进水碳氮比和曝气速率对反应器硝化和反硝化的影响.试验结果表明,一定曝气速率条件下,反应器硝化效果随着进水碳氮比的提高而下降;提高曝气速率可以增加反应器好氧区和缓冲区的DO浓度,降低有机物氧化对硝化作用的影响;低进水碳氮比条件下,进水中的有机碳源能在缺氧区作为反硝化反应的电子供体被有效利用;在进水TN负荷为0.01 kg/(m3.d)、有机物负荷为0.26~0.76 kg/(m3.d)、进水碳氮比为2.7~5.3条件下,反应器COD和TN去除率分别达到96.0%和80.0%.     

一体化两相厌氧反应器处理猪场废水的启动研究

采用自行设计的一体化两相厌氧反应器处理猪场废水,对启动过程进行研究。在37℃条件下,通过交替增加进水COD浓度和缩短水利停留时间提高系统的容积负荷,采用动力学控制与pH调节相结合的方法进行分相。经过68天的运行,系统的容积负荷 (VLR) 达到8.84 kgCOD/(m3•d) ,水力停留时间(HRT)为20.95h, 产酸相的COD去除率基本维持在20～30％,系统COD去除率稳定在80％以上。其中产酸相的VLR和HRT分别为31.11 kg COD/(m3•d) 和5.95 h,产甲烷相的VLR和HRT分别为9.39 kg COD/(m3•d)和15 h。出水SS均在400 mg/L以下,去除率最高可达92.8%,沼气的容积产气率达到2.568 m3/( m3•d)。     

微通道反应器内富氢重整气中CO选择性甲烷化净化

将4Ni-2Ru/ZrO2双金属催化剂均匀涂布到微通道反应器中,运用CO选择性甲烷化方法来净化富氢重整气中的CO。考察了焙烧温度、催化剂的涂布方法和CTAB/Zr的比例对催化剂性能的影响。实验结果表明：CTAB/Zr=0.35、350 ℃焙烧所制备的催化剂表现出良好的低温活性。反应温度240 ℃时可将CO的出口浓度降低到11 ppm,在温度240～300 ℃、空速13000～20000 h-1的范围内CO的转化率都可达99%以上,CO2的转化率不超过7%。     

Current status and technology development tendency of research reactors in China

The current status and development history of domestic and abroad research reactors （RRs） are mentioned. The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced. The utilizations of China＇ s RRs, mainly included as nuclear engineering technology, basic research applications of nuclear technology, teaching and personnel training, are explained.     

The design and calculation of the delayed neutron detection system for PWR and CEFR

This paper discussed the importance of the delayed neutron detection system. We improved the delayed neutron detection station and delayed neutron detector, so the noise was greatly decreased and the detection efficiency was greatly increased. After the improvement the stability of the detector was enhanced and the false alarm was eliminated. We introduced the principle of the gas lift pump designed for the sodium cooled fast reactor. A calculation model of the failed fuel detection system of CEFR was proposed, and from the model a code using LabWindows/CVI was developed. The minimum broken area that could be detected by the delayed neutron detection system of CEFR was calculated and the delayed neutron detection signal in a few representative transient conditions during fuel failure happened was stimulated.     

Preparation of β-SiC by combustion synthesis in a large-scale reactor

The feasibility of 5 kg β-SiC synthesized in one batch was demonstrated through igniting the mixture of Si, C-black and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) under different nitrogen pressures. The effect of experimental parameters, including the contents of PTFE, nitrogen pressure, preheating, and raw materials distribution forms were investigated. The results show that the products are β-SiC with equiaxed grains. The average grain size is less than 200 nm. The powders loaded loosely promote reaction heat dispersing, resulting in small grains. High purity β-SiC powders are obtained when the PTFE content is as low as 5wt%, which simplifies the process and decreases the cost effectively. The ceramic sintered from the obtained β-SiC powders presents the hardness of 22.20 GPa, the bending strength as high as 715.15 MPa and the fracture toughness of 8.179 MPa·m1/2, which are higher than those of ceramics fabricated with α-SiC produced by combustion synthesis.     

水解酸化——复合生物反应器处理玻璃厂废水工程设计

介绍了玻璃厂废水处理工程的概况,阐述了废水处理工艺流程、主要处理构筑物及设计参数,进行了技术经济分析,总结了调试与运行情况,指出本工程设计采用水解酸化工艺提高废水的可生化性,提高了后续生物处理的去除效果,水解后的生物处理采用先进的复合生物反应器工艺,出水水质稳定达标,处理效率较高。     

大诚精煤有限责任公司煤泥水系统的改造

分析了煤泥水系统煤泥含量大且不稳定的原因,针对煤泥水工艺存在的问题提出了系统改造的方案.     

黄原胶废水UASB反应器快速启动

以生产性黄原胶废水UASB(1200m3)反应器中温厌氧消化反应的启动过程为对象, 研究考察:接种污泥、进水方式、进水pH值、容积负荷等因素对反应器启动过程的影响.结果表明,采用淀粉废水厌氧污泥为接种污泥,在污泥层高度1.5m,进水pH7.5～8.0,进水温度38℃时,控制容积负荷,使挥发性有机酸(VFA)小于850mg·L-1的条件下,可使反应器在28d内成功启动.