激波反射对扰动界面湍流混合区影响的数值分析

发展三维可压缩多介质黏性流动和湍流流动的大涡数值模拟方法MVFT3D,对Poggi等人进行的重流体冲击加载轻流体激波管界面不稳定性实验进行数值模拟,通过Vreman SGS应力模型模拟小尺度运动对大尺度运动的影响,运用统计方法分析湍动能特征。计算结果显示,激波多次加载下扰动界面不稳定性及其诱发的湍流混合是一个非常复杂的发展演化过程,在反射激波第一次加载前湍流混合区宽度增长缓慢,湍动能按时间和空间的1.3次幂指数规律衰减,再加载后湍流混合区宽度非线性增长加快,湍动能强度迅速增强后再逐渐递减,而后期的流场则出现明显的气泡竞争现象。计算给出两次再加载的湍流混合区宽度与实验测试结果吻合,第一次再加载前湍动能随时间和空间1.3次幂指数衰减规律与Mohamed和Larue的研究结论一致。数值模拟再现了实验观察到的激波多次加载过程并描述了湍流混合区发展演化的基本物理特征,检验了数值方法和计算程序。     

髋臼周围截骨术中球面软骨层的动步态接触数值模拟

数值分析已应用于髋臼周围截骨术的模拟中,以 模拟增生性髋关节接触应力集中的改善。由于很难从CT或MRI图像中分割软骨层,因此假定髋关节模型为简单的完美球窝形关节。本研究的目的是通过数值模拟接触分析来阐明球面软骨层建模方法,模拟髋臼周围截骨术中动步态的软骨层接触压力和接触面积。并通过旋转截骨段模拟髋臼周围截骨术。数值模拟结果表明,在球面软骨层模型中观察到相对连续的接触压力分布和较低的峰值接触压力,球面软骨层建模方法能合理的反映软骨层接触压力。髋臼周围截骨术后能明显的改善软骨层接触压力分布,从而为髋臼周围截骨术提供生物力学参考数据。     

Static three-dimensional culture of human hepatocarcinoma cell with microcarriers

Traditional monolayer culture is still the common method used in hepatocarcinoma cell culturein vitro. For lack of the structure similar to thatin vivo, it is disadvantageous in the research of the relation between structure and function. We established a three-dimensional (3-D) culture model of human hepatocarcinoma cell (BEL-7402)in vitro by using microcarrier cytodex-3 in static condition. The results of SEM, TEM, enzyme activity and flow cytometry indicated that the cells were polygonal-shaped and arranged in multilayers. Intercellular space was 0.5–2.0 μm wide where lots of microvilli could be seen. Adjacent cells were connected with desmosomes and localized membrane projects. More than 90% of the cells were viable and maintained the consumption of glucose and the expression of EGF receptor. The intracellular ALT, AST and LDH-L activities were higher in 3-D culture than those of monolayer culture. Compared with monolayer culture, this 3-D culture with the structure similar to trabecular hepatocarcinomain vivo is much more suitable for the research of the interactions of cell-cell and cell-microenvironment, and might be useful in the investigation of the mechanisms of invasion, metastasis, and multicellular drug resistance of tumor cells.     

Synthesis of 3D ordered porous polystyrene using silica template

A rigid colloidal silica template was formed by self-assembly of the monodispersed silica spheres prepared according to Stober method. The silica template is highly ordered, which was verified by bright color effect due to Bragg diffraction and the results of SEM. The free radical polymerization of styrene was allowed within the interstices of the rigid template to result in the formation of the three-dimensional periodic silica/polystyrene nano-composites. The titled porous polystyrene was prepared by chemical decomposition of the template with concentrated aqueous hydrofluoric acid. Scanning electron microscopy characterization showed that the macroporous polystyrene has ordered arrays of the uniform pores replicated from the template. Moreover, it was found that the morphology of the as-synthesized macroporous polystyrene was greatly affected by the connectivity of the silica spheres treated under different conditions.     

柠檬酸甘油单、二棕榈酸酯的薄层色谱分析

以硅胶Ｇ＋１％羧甲基纤维素钠（ＣＭＣ）＋０．６mol/L硼酸为色谱条件,采用均匀设计法选择最佳的溶剂系统来分离柠檬酸甘油单、二棕榈酸酯。结果表明,当溶剂的组成及比为三氯甲烷：丙酮：乙酸＝８５：１５：１时分离较为理想,与柠檬酸甘油单、二棕榈酸酯电喷雾质谱（ＥＳＩ－ＭＳ）分析得到的组分基本相一致。     

福建省无烟粉煤流化床混合气催化气化影响因素分析

在实验室小型流化床反应器中研究了影响福建省永定无烟煤混合气 (水蒸汽 /空气 )催化气化的主要因素 .实验结果表明 ,催化剂添加量和气化温度对碳转化率和煤气组成的影响最为显著 .适宜的混合气催化气化条件为复合催化剂浓度 10 %和气化温度 85 0℃ .     

涡扇发动机涡轮后内外流场及壁面温度场数值研究

基于航空发动机红外辐射特性数值仿真的需求,建立涡扇发动机部件的几何模型,利用数值模拟结合实验验证的方法对涡轮后内外流场及壁面温度场进行研究。比较模型与常用模型的计算结果可得出:受发动机部件几何型面及安装特点影响,发动机喷管前的内部流场及壁面温度场都成明显的周期分布。壁面温度分布形态主要受波瓣混合器影响,但加力部件使高温区域面积减小,使壁面温度分布更快进入轴对称状态。加力部件降低了发动机内部的速度分布均匀度;同时也使截面参数分布更均匀。当采用环形混合器时,流向截面上流向涡尺寸大、强度小、温度掺混情况差。     

软土地基水泥深层搅拌加固土物理力学特性研究

通过对水泥深层搅拌桩加固土的各种影响因素和大量物理力学性质的试验研究,得出如下主要结论：（ａ）影响加固效果的主要因素依次为水泥掺入比、含水量、龄期等;（ｂ）水泥掺入比一般应力１０％￣１５％,不宜低于８％;（ｃ）土壤含水量较高时宜选用粉喷搅拌工艺,含水量小于３０％宜采用浆喷湿搅工艺;（ｄ）水泥土声波速度与其强度之间有很好的相关关系,可将声速作为水泥深层搅拌桩检测的重要物理量。     

磁悬浮液体中颗粒对分散体系流变性的影响

研究了磁悬浮液体中固相质点浓度、质点形状和大小对分散体系流变性质、沉降速度以及分散体系结构的影响。对Ｅｉｎｓｅｉｎ黏度关系式进行了适用性验证：提出一种估算吸附－溶剂化层有效厚度δ的方法。认为,质点间的作用力、质点深度以及质点的形状和大小是决定分散体系结构和流变性质的主要因素。     

Thawing and freezing processes of active layer in Wudaoliang region of Tibetan Plateau

The interaction between permafrost and atmosphere is accomplished through transfer of heat and moisture in the overlay active layer. Thus, the research on the thermal and hydrodynamics of active layer during the thawing and freezing processes was considered a key to revealing the heat and moisture exchanges between permafrost and atmosphere. The monitoring and research on active layer were conducted because permafrost occupies about two thirds of the total area of the Tibetan Plateau. Based on the analysis of the ground temperature data and soil moisture data of monitoring near the Wudaoliang region of the Tibetan Plateau, the thawing and freezing processes of active layer were divided into four stages, i.e. summer thawing stage (ST), autumn freezing stage (AF), winter cooling stage (WC) and spring warming stage (SW). Coupled heat and water flow is much more complicated in ST and AF, and more amount of water is migrating in these two stages. Heat is transferred mainly via conductive heat flow in the other two stages, and less water migrated. Four water migration and coupled heat flow processes were addressed for the thawing and freezing stages, which are water infiltration driven by gravity, moisture advection and distillation driven by temperature and osmotic gradients, water migration driven by capillarity and unfrozen water migration driven by temperature gradient. The water content near the permafrost table tends to increase after one thawing and freezing cycle, which is the main reason for the development of thick ground ice layer near permafrost table.