织物结构参数对人体热响应影响数值分析

针对着装人体的热、湿舒适性问题,联合改进的25节点人体热调节模型和服装热湿耦合模型,模拟了人、服装、环境系统的瞬态热、湿传递过程．人体模型中考虑了汗水积聚的影响;服装模型中考虑了水蒸汽扩散、液汗毛细传递和蒸发／凝结、纤维湿吸附／解析;针对不同厚度和孔隙率的服装比较了人体的热响应及服装温、湿度变化．数值分析表明,在高温高湿环境下穿厚度大、孔隙率小的服装较穿厚度小、孔隙率大的服装,皮肤温度、皮肤表面出汗率高,干热损失少．模拟结果可以为服装热、湿舒适性定量设计提供指导。     

服装开口部位对着装热舒适性的影响

服装开口是促进衣下空间与外界环境之间热交换的重要途径.采用暖体假人和人体生理试验方法,在无风和有风两种条件下,对胸部、背部和腋下等不同部位开口及无开口状态下的服装热阻、平均皮肤温度、衣下湿度和主观舒适感等指标进行测量.研究结果显示,服装开口部位对服装总热阻有影响,腋下开口的服装热阻最低;服装开口部位对人体体温调节有显著影响,在胸部和腋下开口有助于增强衣下空气与外界环境之间气体交换,增加对流和蒸发散热,从而减缓皮肤温度和衣下湿度升高.试验结果同时表明,风速对服装热阻及人体各项生理指标的影响更为显著.总体而言,服装腋下部位开口对人体热湿生理调节起到促进作用,具有较好着装舒适感.     

Computed tomography ( CT ) of nasal cavity ofIkechosaurus sunailinae (Reptilia: Choristodera)

The CT technique was first applied to observing the nasal cavity ofIkechosaurus sunailinae. The results indicate that the nasal cavity is very complex, and it was divided into two parts: the posterior-upper part and the anterior-lower one. These control olfaction and thermoregulation respectively. The partial loss of pineal systems suggests that this animal may have been evolving toward endothermy. Therefore,Ikechosaurus may have had a strong ability to thermoregulate, thus keeping a high level of activity. But it still did not maintain constant temperature, as the birds and mammals do.     

草原沙蜥 (Phyrnocephalus frontalis)不同体长个体间的温度选择比较

使用自制陆生动物温度选择仪测试了沙蜥的选择温度,对不同体长沙蜥的选择温度进行了比较.表明较大沙蜥(平均体长50.0 mm)的选择温度(36.3±0.38)比较小沙蜥(平均体长40.2 mm)的选择温度(37.3±0.56)低,这可能与动物的恒温机制及体温调节的能力有关.     

Thermal conductivity of wax comb and its effect on heat balance in colonial honey bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Summary Wax comb was found to have a thermal conductivity of 0.36×10^–3 cal/cm sec °C. At low air temperatures, honey bees,Apis mellifera L., form clusters inbetween the combs in their nests. The combs provide insulation and the bee behavior actually increases the insulating effectiveness of the combs. When they form a compact living layer over the wax comb, the conductivity can be reduced to 0.065×10^–3 cal/cm see °C. Some aspects of the role of the wax comb in heat balance are examined in this paper.