三环喹唑啉及其衍生物的电荷传输性质研究

使用电荷传输的半经典模型Marcus和密度泛函理论(DFT)方法,在B3LYP/631G**水平上对三环喹唑啉及其衍生物分子的电荷传输性质进行理论研究.结果显示,硫甲基取代分子的空穴传输和电子传输速率常数相当,速率常数为1.77×1012 s-1,预示可设计成空穴传输和电子传输材料.羟基取代、烷氧基取代、巯基取代分子的空穴传输载流子迁移率μ+与速率常数k+,比苯并菲(TOH)和六氮杂苯并菲(HATOH)液晶分子约大1个数量级,比其电子传输大近2个数量级,显示选择三环喹唑啉为刚性中心核合成盘状液晶半导体材料     

泥石粉对人工砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响

利用亚甲蓝试验和比表面积试验测试泥石粉中泥粉的含量及特性.采用最少浆体理论设计人工砂混凝土配合比,测试泥石粉掺量变化对人工砂混凝土工作性及力学性能的影响.研究表明:含有一定量非膨胀性泥粉的泥石粉可以作为人工砂混凝土的掺合料;适量的泥石粉有利于改善人工砂混凝土的工作性;随着泥石粉掺量增大,人工砂混凝土的抗压强度、轴压强度、劈拉强度及弹性模量均逐渐增大,掺入过多的泥石粉会使人工砂混凝土力学性能有所下降.在人工砂混凝土中掺入泥石粉可以减少水泥用量,降低人工砂混凝土成本,并有利于保护环境.     

生物质花生壳热分解及热分解模拟

用NETZSCH-STA409PC热分析仪研究了生物质花生壳的分解规律和动力学.花生壳的热分解主要有3个失重过程,第1个发生在80～100℃,为失水过程,对应DSC为吸热,失重量6%;第2个发生在100～380℃,为花生壳的热分解过程,该过程为吸热,失重量54%;第3个发生在380～700℃,为热分解残余有机物缓慢分解过程,失重量为16%;700℃后,基本恒重.讨论升温速率、粒度、气速对热分解曲线的影响.拟合了动力学方程函数,并求出动力学参数.花生壳分解可用三维扩散模型(D3)模拟,活化能E=141.67kJ.mol-1,指前因子lgA=8.645 4,用所得D3模型动力学方程预测,在花生壳分解过程中于360℃保温12min它的分解率近100%.这个结果能够用于优化气化分解过程.     

脱粘对钢管混凝土拱温度应力及内力影响分析

选取钢管混凝土单圆管拱、哑铃型拱和桁拱3座桥例为工程背景,结合有限元法,分析脱粘对温度应力及内力的影响.研究结果表明:脱粘使得夏季的平均温度降低,冬季的平均温度升高,但总体上脱粘与无脱粘的平均温度相差很小;脱粘使得钢管的温度自应力增大,核心混凝土的温度自应力减小,且超过拱肋自重产生的应力,因此钢管混凝土拱桥温度应力的计算要考虑脱粘的影响.此外,脱粘对钢管混凝土单圆管拱、哑铃形拱的温度内力基本上没有影响,对桁肋拱的温度内力有较大的影响.     

石膏模-混凝土组合空腹楼盖用磷石膏力学特性研究

对石膏模-混凝土组合楼盖用磷石膏的抗压强度与含水率的关系、抗压强度取值、弹性模量取值、石膏与混凝土之间两类抗剪连接件受力性能进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,磷石膏的抗压强度随含水率的减小而增大,且随着含水率的降低,磷石膏的强度增加幅值越来越大,大致呈对数函数关系;磷石膏具有较好的抗压性能,其抗压强度较高,抗压强度可取4.8MPa,且受力过程中有明显的弹性阶段,根据曲线,其弹性模量取值约550MPa;对混凝土与石膏间的两类剪力连接件进行推出试验,结果表明两类连接件具有相同的抗剪强度,而B类连接件比A类连接件连接效果优越,试验数据比较稳定,最终以石膏破坏而导致构件破坏,连接件较为可靠。     

基于热力耦合分析的预应力切削残余应力研究

对预应力切削的已加工表面残余应力状态进行热力耦合分析,通过对机械应力和热应力在工件表面分布的叠加,发现加工表面存在3种不同的残余应力类型,文中定性讨论了其产生条件,并进一步分析了刀具切削刃钝圆和预应力对工件表面残余应力状态的影响.最后采用不同钝圆半径的刀具和预应力对表面淬火硬化的40Cr合金钢进行硬态切削实验,并将实验结果与理论分析结果进行了对比.结果表明:切削刃钝圆影响残余应力的大小和分布;钝圆半径越大,残余压应力越大,应力层也越厚;预应力可以有效提高加工表面的残余压应力,而对其分布基本没有影响;实验结果和理论分析相吻合,说明文中理论分析是正确的.     

不同温度热解酸化蔗糖制备低聚焦糖

为拓展热解酸化蔗糖制备低聚焦糖的应用领域,分别考察了不同温度下干法与湿法制备的低聚焦糖的pH值、特征吸收、褐变程度、糖含量、抗氧化性,并分析了低聚焦糖的主要成分和热稳定性.结果表明:随着温度升高,干法工艺制备的低聚焦糖的pH值先升高后缓慢降低,湿法工艺制备的则逐渐降低;干法工艺制备的低聚焦糖的特征吸收及褐变程度均上升,湿法工艺制备时则在160℃达到最强,分别为3.151和2.128;两种工艺制备的低聚焦糖的总糖含量逐渐减少,还原糖含量先上升后下降,抗氧化性增强;低聚焦糖主要成分为蔗糖、蔗果三糖等低聚糖,以及少量的葡萄糖、果糖等;低聚焦糖的热裂解产物主要有呋喃、呋喃酮、吡唑、吡咯烷、醛、烯和酸酐类.     

Thermal detection of surface plasmons on gold nanohole arrays

We used a thin-film thermocouple to detect the thermal effect of surface plasmons excited in Au nanohole array structures.We found that the thermal electromotive force of Au film with periodic nanohole structures is three times greater than that of a bare Au film for 785-nm laser excitation at a given power.This effect is caused by the resonant excitation of localized surface plas- mons in the nanoholes.In addition,we found that the thermal electromotive force(EMF)of the Au film with dumbbell-like na- nohole arrays depends strongly on the incident polarization.The thermal EMF is the greatest when the excitation light is polarized perpendicular to the long axis of the dumbbell.     

Nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials

Graphene,a two-dimensional carbon atom sheet,has attracted tremendous attention and research interest because of its exceptional physical properties.Graphene has high mobility and optical transparency,in addition to flexibility,robustness and environmental stability.The main focus so far has been on fundamental physics and electronic devices.However,because the linear dispersion of the Dirac electrons enables ultrawideband tunability,we believe its true potential lies in photonics and optoelectronics.In this review,we introduce recent advances in the nonlinear optical properties of graphene-based materials.The rise of graphene in nonlinear optics is shown by several recent results,ranging from saturable absorbers and the four-wave mixing effect to giant two-photon absorption,reverse saturable absorption and optical limiting.The relevant forms of the graphene-based materials include pure graphene,graphene oxide and graphene hybrids.     

Formation and mechanical properties of Zr-based bulk metallic glass composites with high oxygen levels

Zr-based bulk metallic glass(BMG) composites with in situ formed Y 2 O 3 particle reinforcements were synthesized by proper additions of Y to ultrahigh-oxygen-containing glass-forming alloy precursors.Microstructures,thermal stabilities,and mechanical properties of the composites were investigated.Glass formation was greatly enhanced by Y additions in the alloys and the resultant particles were homogenously distributed in the glassy matrix,allowing for the fabrication of oxide dispersion strengthened BMG composites.The compressive strength and hardness increased by 10% and 20%,respectively,with the introduction of Y 2 O 3 particles.These results are significant for the design and production of Zr-based BMGs and BMG composites with improved properties using commercial high-oxygen content raw materials under industrial conditions.