GaN基发光二极管波长偏移的研究

在不同环境温度及不同驱动电流条件下,测试GaN基绿光发光二极管峰值波长的变化,结果表明,环境温度及驱动电流的增加,均会引起结温的增加,但是峰值波长的变化却有区别.在环境温度不变,驱动电流增加过程中,出现LED峰值波长的蓝移现象;在驱动电流不变、环境温度变化过程中,出现LED峰值波长的红移.用能带及极化场耦合模理论,分析实验结果,得到In0.25 GaN0.75阱层的极化场强为3.304MV/cm,垒层的极化场强为-0.826MV/cm;首次引入能隙变量随结温变化率的概念,在LED额定驱动电流范围内,热效应、载流子对极化效应引起的内建电场的屏蔽作用所引的能隙变量随结温变化率分别为3.637×10-4ev/k及1.3025×10-3ev/k,研究认为,二种效应引起的能隙变量随结温的变化率决定着峰值波长偏移的方向.     

Elucidation of the relationship between enzyme activity and internal motion using a lysozyme stabilized by cavity-filling mutations

We investigated the activity and the internal motions of a stabilized mutant hen lysozyme (HEL) in which the residues M12 and L56 were mutated to L and F, respectively (LF mutant HEL). The result of the activity measurements against glycol chitin at various temperatures suggested that the temperature dependence of the activity of LF mutant HEL shifted to the high-temperature side compared with that of wild-type HEL. The detailed internal motions of LF mutant HEL in the absence and presence of a substrate analogue, (NAG)₃, were examined by model-free analysis at 35°C. The results showed that the internal motions of LF mutant HEL in the presence of (NAG)₃ were drastically restricted compared with those in wild-type HEL. Our findings thus suggested that the mutation to the stabilized lysozyme restricted internal motions required for the enzymatic reaction.Received 8 February 2005; accepted 10 March 2005Y. Yoshida and T. Ohkuri contributed equally to this work.     

Structural and dynamical features contributing to thermostability in α-amylases

In recent years an increasing number of studies on thermophilic and hyperthermophilic proteins aiming to elucidate determinants of protein thermostability have yielded valuable insights about the relevant mechanisms. In particular, comparison of homologous enzymes with different thermostabilities (isolated from psychrophilic, mesophilic, thermophilic and hyperthermophilic organsims) offers a unique opportunity to determine the strategies of thermal adaptation. In this respect, the medium-sized amylolytic enzyme α-amylase is a well-established representative. Various studies on α-amylases with very different thermostabilities (melting temperature T_m = 40–110°C) report structural and dynamical features as well as thermodynamical properties which are supposed to play key roles in thermal adaptation. Here, results from selected homologous α-amylases are presented and discussed with respect to some new and recently proposed strategies to achieve thermostability.Received 28 February 2005; received after revision 29 April 2005; accepted 19 May 2005     

用于余热回收的三压力氨水动力循环的热力性能

为了提高低温余热动力回收系统的吸收驱动力和增强蒸发器抗低温腐蚀的能力,提出了三压力氨水吸收式动力循环(3p-AWPC).在卡列纳循环的基础上,添加了一个预热器,以分离器出口的稀溶液加热来自高压氨泵的工作溶液.采用Schulz方程、质量与能量守恒定律,对循环倍率、工作成分、基本成分、热源温度和冷源温度进行优化分析,研究工作浓度与基本浓度最佳配对关系.给出了在热源温度为200℃及冷却水温度为25℃条件下,3p-AWPC方案的热力性能优化算例.结果表明,动力回收效率为9.62％,比相同冷热源进口参数条件下水蒸气朗肯循环(SRC)的动力回收效率约增加16.5％.     

饱和黏土的一维热固结特性试验研究

通过室内试验,研究了饱和黏土在不同温度作用下的固结效应.结果表明:温度对土颗粒的膨胀作用和孔隙比的收缩作用影响较小;高温作用下发生的热膨胀在一定程度上阻碍了变形的发生,高温条件下压缩指数较低温条件下有减小的趋势.但渗透性的增强使得该现象逐渐减弱.随着温度的升高,先期固结应力均随之减小.通过反分析得到了两种黏土的材料参数γ.材料参数γ越大,相同温度下的归一化先期固结应力越小.温度越高,水溶液的黏度越低,越容易被排出,其渗透系数越大,超静孔隙水压的消散越快,所以超静孔隙水压随着温度的升高而减小.渗透系数随着孔隙比的升高而升高.粒径较大试样的渗透系数大于粒径较小试样的渗透系数.     

伊宁凹陷古地温恢复与热演化史研究

应用包裹体测温和Easy-R.方法恢复了伊宁凹陷的古地温演化史,结果表明伊宁凹陷晚二叠世的地温梯度约为40℃/km,以后经过两次波动(分别对应于K1和E1两次构造运动)逐渐减小到现今的24℃/km.上二叠统烃源岩热演化程度主要受古地温控制,主生油期在中晚三叠世.印支期及其以前形成的圈闭,是二叠系油气聚集的主要场所.     

溴代双酚A型不饱和聚酯树脂的阻燃机理

利用TGA、DSC、热解-电导率仪,研究了文题内容。实验结果说明了溴的引入,使树脂具有良好的阻燃性,当溴含量大于7.63%(wt)时,树脂即能自熄。溴使树脂热解过程成碳倾向增加,分解生成的溴化氢是有效的自由基捕获剂。三氧化二锑和溴同时引入,对阻燃具有协同效应。     

农田渍害遥感监测方法研究应用进展

首先介绍了农田渍害的表现特征;其次根据监测原理,将国内外农田溃害遥感监测的主要方法分为地表指示标志法、地下水位反演法和与非遥感方法相结合的综合分析法,并分别对各类方法的原理、技术、适用范围及优缺点进行分析,发现各种方法均能解决特定的农田渍害监测问题,同时也存在着缺陷和局限性;最后,进行了总结并指出了两种潜在的遥感监测方...     

火电厂机组最优组合的一种实用算法

本文在文[1] 、[2] 的基础上,根据等微增率准则,对不考虑启动耗量的火电厂机组投入、切除的经济性问题进行了研究。通过引入切换微增率,切换负荷的概念,提出了一种确定火电厂经济运行最优机组组合的实用算法。根据计算结果,调度人员可以了解在什么负荷范围内应选用哪种机组组合方式才是经济的。     

基于正交设计的陶瓷再生混凝土配合比试验

为提高废旧陶瓷的再生利用率,将陶瓷颗粒与陶瓷粉作为再生混凝土骨料与掺合料进行再生利用.运用正交设计的试验方法,以陶瓷粉、陶瓷颗粒、再生细骨料、粉煤灰、硅灰为5因素,每个因素设置4个水平,共设计16组配合比方案,进行抗压、导热等试验,得到陶瓷再生混凝土的强度、导热系数等物理力学参数,并寻找出最优配合比.试验结果表明最佳配合比为:陶瓷粉的质量分数为10%,陶瓷颗粒的质量分数为20%,再生细骨料的质量分数为40%,粉煤灰的质量分数为15%,硅灰的质量分数为5%.