癸二酸／对苯二甲酸系共聚酯的合成及耐热性能研究

论文采用癸二酸、对苯二甲酸与乙二醇、新戊二醇进行缩聚反应,合成了癸二酸／对苯二甲酸系共聚酯。定性讨论了反应温度、催化剂的种类和真空度等对缩聚反应的影响。通过WAXD、DSC和TGA等方法,研究了共聚酯的结构与耐热性能的关系。结果表明：共聚酯的结晶度和熔点随着体系中对苯二甲酸或新戊二醇的含量增加而下降,而耐热性能则明显提高。     

Microstructures and nanostructures of high Andean Penaincisalia lycaenid butterfly scales (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae): descriptions and interpretations

The scales of one high Andean eumaeine lycaenid butterfly species with pale dorsal coloration and four species with vivid dorsal colour were investigated using field emission scanning electron microscopy. The micro‐ and nanostructures are illustrated, described, measured, and interpreted. The vivid colours in the species are caused by a pepper‐pot nanostructure of Urania‐type scales. This nanostructure is a three‐dimensional lattice within the body of the individual scale. The scales of the non‐vivid orange species are lacking this nanostructure and the surfaces of their scales show high microstructure irregularities. This absence of vivid colour may be correlated with thermal regulation. The irregularity of the scale microstructures suggests a heavy environmental pressure on the populations sampled. Previously unknown structural variations of Urania‐type scales are also described. The existence of closed scale microcell structures, explained as an apomorphic character in the tribe Eumaeini, most probably evolved independently several times. It is hypothesized that scale micro‐ and nanostructure modifications develop syntopically within a population, which in turn can lead to rapid diversification.     

热和机械载荷共同作用下Timoshenko夹层梁的非线性分析

在精确考虑轴线伸长和基于一阶横向剪切变形理论的基础上建立Timoshenko夹层梁在热载荷和机械载荷共同作用下的几何非线性控制方程,采用打靶法数值求解所得强非线性2点边值问题,获得了两端不可移简支和两端固定夹层梁在横向非均匀升温和横向均布压力作用下的静态非线性弯曲和过屈曲变形数值解.绘出了梁的变形随载荷参数、材料厚度和长细比等参数变化的特性关系曲线,并分析和讨论了这些参数对平衡路径的影响.     

兔毛加工理化性能的研究

本文讨论了兔毛在加工过程中存在的有关问题。首先探讨了兔毛的基本特性,进一步探讨了免毛加工工艺特性及兔毛加工技术等,并提出了作者的初浅看法。     

Nd:YAG激光器横模选择的实验研究

本文用简单的方法测量了Nd:YAG棒的热焦距和小信号增益系数;提出了Nd:YAG连续激光器选择基横模的有效设计方法,并对这种选模技术作了实验研究,最后从理论和实验上证实,采用平—平腔加小孔尤阑选择基横模,必须根据热焦距和小信号增益系数正确设计谐振腔参数,否则加小孔光阑是徒劳无益的。     

TK-120型中间再热机组起停及负荷变动时中压缸热应力试验研究

本文总结了淮南发电厂TK-120型中间再热机组中压缸在过渡工况下热应力的试验研究工作,对中压缸翘曲变形原因及过渡过程中的应力水平进行了分析探讨。研究结果对合理制定机组起停方式提供了有价值的依据。     

Silicon carbide resonant tuning fork for microsensing applications in high temperature and high G shock environments

We present the fabrication and testing of a silicon carbide(SiC)balanced mass double-ended tuning fork that survives harsh environments without compromising the device strain sensitivity and resolution bandwidth.The device features a material stack that survives corrosive environments and enables high-temperature operation.To perform high-temperature testing,a specialized setup was constructed that allows the tuning fork to be characterized using traditional silicon electronics.The tuning fork has been operated at 600 ℃ in the presence of dry steam for short durations.This tuning fork has also been tested to 64 000 G using a hard-launch,soft-catch shock implemented with a light gas gun.However,the device still has a strain sensitivity of 66 Hz/με and strain resolution of 0.045 με in a 10 kHz bandwidth.As such,this balanced-mass double-ended tuning fork can be used to create a variety of different sensors including strain gauges,accelerometers,gyroscopes,and pressure transducers.Given the adaptable fabrication process flow,this device could be useful to micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS) designers creating sensors for a variety of different applications.     

Research on application of different particle sizes of cordierite on castable refractory

Effect of different particle sizes of cordierite on properties of castable refractory by different heat treatment temperatures were investigated respectively with mullite and bauxite as raw materials,calcium aluminate cement as binders.After 24 h curing in mould and another 24 h curing at 110 ℃ after demoulding,the specimens were heat treated at 1 000 ℃,1 300 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ for 3 h,respectively.The bulk density(BD),permanent linear change(PLC),modulus of rupture(MOR)and clod crushing strength(CCS),thermal expansion coefficient and thermal shock resistance were examined.The results show that there is no obvious effect on adjusting permanent linear change and bulk density of castables by adding different particle sizes of cordierite at low temperature and intermediate temperature.Modulus of rupture of castable increase with the decreasing of the particle sizes of cordierite after heat treated by 1 000 ℃ and 1 300 ℃.In this experiment,thermal shock resistance of the castable with cordierite whose particle size is 0~1 mm is the best.     

热荷载下梁基频和热屈曲临界变温优化设计

改变梁截面沿轴线的分布可以改变轴向力,提高梁的基频以及梁热屈曲的临界变温.研究在给定材料体积下,以热荷载作用下梁的基频及屈曲临界变温最大化为目标的优化问题.对两端固支梁截面尺寸优化的研究表明,受热荷载时,采用优化设计可以使频率目标值提高更多;随着热荷载的增大,优化的截面积分布形式与最大化屈曲临界荷载的截面积分布形式更相近;最大化临界变温与最大化轴向力的截面积分布形式非常相似;分析了使轴向力最小的截面积分布,验证了上述现象.     

一种热网络方程计算方法的改进

通过热网络离散节点群控制方程的敏感性分析,提出了一种新的热网络方程求解改进方法———分离变量参数系数方法,用于分析航天器表面材料性质对温度场分布的影响.同时,采用蒙特卡罗射线踪迹法求解太阳直接入射面积和太阳辐射传递系数,考虑了航天器几何遮挡关系对热网络系数的影响.计算结果表明:航天器虚拟模型主体部位的最大温度值要高于太阳电池板的温度.在开始阶段,冷却速度迅速增加至最大值,然后再慢慢降低并有17K温度的偏差.为了分析材料表面的太阳吸收系数对温度分布的影响,以a=0.35为算例原值,对于与原值的吻合程度,太阳吸收系数增大的影响优于其减小的影响.