低轨卫星辅助的干扰源位置确定

为提高针对影响同步通信卫星正常工作的地面干扰源定位精度,回避无邻近卫星无法定位问题,提出低轨卫星辅助的新方法。该方法充分利用低轨飞行所带来的长基线、近距离的好处,并以多普勒差为观测变量,卫星轨道参数为待估参数,可进一步改善定位精度。针对建立的定位数学模型进行计算,其结果显示,当低轨卫星的高度在5000km时,全区域定位精度优于1km。     

一种改进的连续变量全局优化模拟退火算法

在连续变量的全局优化问题求解中,提出了一种改进的模拟退火算法.该算法提出了一种自适应的函数变换方法,解决了模拟退火算法中较难处理的初始温度问题,使初始温度与具体应用问题无关;结合成功-失败法和变尺度方法,提出了有效偏移量的概念,改进了解的产生方式;提出了一种以相对精度为基础的结束准则,较好地解决了计算效率和计算精度的平衡,提高了算法的效率和通用性.数值测试算例验证了本文的改进模拟退火算法的可行性和高效性.     

Development of the CAS-IBB single-particle microbeam for localized irradiation of living cells

A single-particle microbeam facility has been constructed at the Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering (LIBB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The system was designed to deliver a defined numbers of hydrogen ions, produced by a van de Graaff accelerator, in an energy range of 2.0-3.0 MeV, into an area smaller than that of the nucleus of an individual living cell. The beam is collimated by a borosilicate glass capillary that forms the beam-line exit. An integrated computer program recognizes the cells and locates them one by one over the microbeam exit for irradiation. We present technical details of the CAS-LIBB microbeam facility, particularly on the collimator, hardware, control program, as well as cell irradiation protocols available. Various factors contributing to the targeting and positioning precision are discussed along with accuracy measurement results.     

A Theoretical Approach for Estimating Fracture Toughness of Ductile Metals

Fracture toughness is very important when applying Damage Tolerance Design and Assessment Techniques. The traditional testing approach for obtaining fracture toughness values is costly and time consuming. In order to estimate the fracture toughness of ductile metals, the fracture mechanics theory, materials plastic deformation theory and materials constructive relationships are employed here. A series of formulae and a theoretical approach are presented to calculate fracture toughness values of different materials in the plane stress and plane strain conditions. Compared with test results, evaluated values have a good agreement.     

基于FPGA的脉冲参数测量系统

该系统是基于FPGA和单片机AT89S52的脉冲参数测试系统,能够测量脉冲信号的周期、频率、占空比、脉宽等参数。首 先由FPGA提供一个频率为50 MHz的信号源作为标准信号源,并在FPGA中构造2个32位的计数器,用来测量被测信号的各 个参数,最后将测量结果送入单片机中处理并显示。整个系统主要由按键电路、门控电路、2个32位计数器和显示电路等模块 组成。通过测试该系统抗干扰能力强,测量数据稳定可靠,测量精度高。     

生态学实验真实性的追求——以有效性、准确性、精确性的考量为基础

 在传统科学实验中,较高的有效性、准确性、精确性与较高的真实性相对应。但在生态学实验中,情况有所不同,只有保证有效性,才能获得真实性。鉴此,应该努力保证实验过程中"测量的概念"涵盖,但不与来自"研究的概念"或"想象的概念"重叠,在确立生态学实验有效性的过程中测量真实事物。准确性与真实性相对应,但在生态学实验中,"真实"的参考值很难获取,甚至获取了也可能不太可靠,由此,提高仪器的技术性能,改进实验的操作流程,采取其他的方法如"空白值"试验,提高准确性以努力获得准确的结果,或者依赖相关的理论和经验分析,来定性地判断该生态学测量实验数据是否准确或者在多大程度上准确,就是必须的了。精确性与可靠性正相关,在生态学实验过程中,应该增加精确性,以保证可靠性,否则,即使获得了真实的实验结果,也可能因此精确性（可靠性）差而不被相信并不被接受;而且,一般地,对于不同类型的生态学实验,从数学模型,到数字的有机体,再到人工生命系统（宇宙实验）,最后到不受干扰或处理的自然系统,复杂性越来越大,精确性越来越小,真实性越来越差,据此,必须针对具体的研究案例,选择恰当的实验类型,权衡实验的精确性和真实性。     

基于超螺旋精度提升机制的OFDM网络信道噪声消除算法

为解决当前OFDM网络信道噪声消除算法难以规避信道中的窄带莱斯噪声,且抗信道衰落能力不强,以及信道间普遍存在严重的频率干涉问题,提出了一种基于超螺旋精度提升机制的OFDM网络信道噪声消除算法.首先,根据各个传输子信道具有差异化的频率载波特性,将传输子信道等价为接收背景中的接收点,从而构建了超螺旋接收结构,有效消除不同传输子信道间存在的频率干扰特性,降低信道窄带莱斯噪声对信号预发射过程的衰落影响;随后,基于角度识别方式进行锐-钝识别,并结合拐点思想,采用序列重排技术,将待发射信号进行消波处理,并进行自旋精度提升,从而提高了其抗窄带莱斯噪声的性能.仿真实验表明:与常见的超高频精度自适应机制(UHF adaptive,UHFA)、共线度自旋精度提升机制(the degree of accuracy of collinear spin,DACS)相比,本文算法与理想状态下的OFDM功率谱密度曲线最为接近,具有更高的信号增益水平与更低的信道误码率.     

人工全髋关节置换术研究现状与展望

人工全髋关节置换术(Total hip arthroplasty THA)是治疗终末期髋关节疾病的快速恢复髋关节功能的有效方法之一,现就人工全髋关节置换术中假体的材料应用与界面配伍、微创手术入路选择、数字骨科发展对THA的意义、手机APP在康复指导和追踪随访中的应用等几方面进行综述.     

完整理解“必需够用为度”在教学内容构建中用好“加减法”

完整理解“必需够用为度”，有利于处理好高等职业教育理论教学与实践教学的关系和占比问题。文章分析了“必需够用”的基本涵义，提出“必需够用为度”的边界概念，给出了边界的下限和上限。在此基础上，强调在教学内容构建中既要用好“减法”，也要用好“加法”。最后，结合课程对具体教学内容构建进行探讨。     

Transient pressure analysis for the reactor core and containment of a HTGR after a primary loop pressure boundary break accident

The pressure variances in the reactor core and containment of a High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) after a primary loop pressure boundary break accident determine the structural integrity and safety of the reactor. Based on mass conservation, energy conservation and state equations, explicit formulae for the transient pressure and temperature variances in the pressure vessels were deduced, and a set of differential equations for the transient pressure and temperature variances in the containment were developed. Numerical simulation was also conducted to investigate the transient pressure and temperature variances in the pressure vessels and containment. The results show that energy transformation due to expansion work cannot be neglected. The maximum pressure in the containment could increase by 40 percent due to blockage caused by air in the containment. Detailed numerical simulations of the transient pressure and temperature variance in the reactor core flow passages were also conducted. The results show that the pressures acting on the reactor core and containment are below acceptable values.