累积投票制度实效分析

设置累积投票制度符合保护小股东免受大股东侵害的理念,但当前我国尚不具备累积投票制度适用的条件,保护小股东利益仍有待于公司法及其他相关制度的建立和完善.     

田径裁判员的智力结构

针对与田径裁判工作密切相关的观察力 ,记忆力 ,思维力三个方面对田径裁判员应具备的智力结构进行了简要论述     

后现代主义文化视野中的村上春树

日本现代文坛作家村上春树的作品引起了世界文坛的广泛关注,主要因为其作品中体现了文化意识的多元与整合,表现西方文化在当代日本的重要影响.他的以<斯普特尼克恋人>为代表的小说创作体现出多种文化的基本特征.     

企业合并中商誉的会计处理方法

随着我国经济体制改革的深化，企业间的合并活动日益频繁，但对与企业合并密切相关的商誉问题的处理却不够规范，为此从商誉的含义入手对合并商誉进行了研究，通过对商誉在企业合并后的会计处理方法的探讨，认乌拿兰商誉是由购买价格超过拥有的净资产公允价格的差额确认，确认后的商誉应在规定的年限内用直线法摊销。     

灼灼其华的生命力——评王安忆长篇小说《桃之夭夭》

王安忆的新制长篇<桃之天夭>,通过旧艺人笑明明及其女儿郁晓秋两代上海女性的命运,演绎了俗世凡人倍受磨难却永远屹立的旺盛充沛的生命力,并以此揭示了一个独特的心灵世界.文本保持了细腻、平实、温婉、柔软而坚毅的风格和情调.作为都市生活的民间叙述和个人化叙述,王安忆日益成熟了.     

英国维多利亚时期"家庭天使"的内涵和特点

英国维多利亚时期伴随工业化的深入,强大的中产阶级不仅创造了这一时期的时代价值观,而且还形成了与以往不同的妇女观."家庭天使"成为他们心目中完美的女性形象.     

从修辞价值看古诗语言违常性的审美特征

古诗歌语言有着自己独特的组合形式,表现着违常性的审美特征,即非实用性、非科学性和非确定性的特征。这种语言特征其实就是对语言成规“有组织的破坏”,并由此蕴涵着丰厚的多义性语言信息,能增添话语丰富的信息量,更好地表情达意,产生着很好的修辞效果。     

The induction of secondary seed dormancy by oxygen deficiency in a barnyard grassEchinochloa crus-galli

At 25°C, secondary dormancy was induced in seeds ofE. crus-galli exposed for 100 days to oxygen deficiency. By contrast, hypoxia did not induce dormancy at 15°C or prevent dormancy termination at 7°C. Secondary dormancy was terminated after 2 months stratification at 7°C. Oxygen deficiency may increase the proportion of dormant seeds in the soil, and affect the dynamics of the barnyard-grass soil seed bank.We thank Miss Jitka Králová for her excellent technical assistance.     

On some significance tests in cluster analysis

We investigate the properties of several significance tests for distinguishing between the hypothesisH of a homogeneous population and an alternativeA involving clustering or heterogeneity, with emphasis on the case of multidimensional observationsx ₁, ...,x _n ^p . Four types of test statistics are considered: the (s-th) largest gap between observations, their mean distance (or similarity), the minimum within-cluster sum of squares resulting from a k-means algorithm, and the resulting maximum F statistic. The asymptotic distributions underH are given forn and the asymptotic power of the tests is derived for neighboring alternatives.     

Internal interactions within the human circadian system: the masking effect

Summary In the realm of human circadian rhythms, the masking effect is defined as the change in the course of deep body temperature induced by changes in the degree of physical activity, or by the alteration between sleep and wake. This effect is particularly obvious during internal desynchronization where the rhythms of deep body temperature, and the sleep-wake sleep-wake sleep cycle — i.e. one of the masking factors — run with different periods.Every sleep onset is accompanied by a rapid drop, and wake onset by a rapid rise in deep body temperature, each one with an overshoot of about 50% of the steady state variations. When rhythms are calculated, with the dominant temperature period as the screening period, exclusively from data obtained during sleep episodes, on the one hand, and from those obtained exclusively during wake, on the other, two average cycles emerge: the sleep temperature curve and the wake temperature curve. Both run in parallel but are separated by the masking effcct. As derived from many experiments, the mean masking effect amounts to 0.28±0.06°C. The masking effect also depends to some extent on the phase of the temperature rhtthm; it is larger than average around the temperature maximum and during the descending phase of the temperature cycle, where the alertness commonly is highest and the probability to sleep, in general, and the REM sleep propensity, in particular, are smaller than average. This also can be interpreted to indicate that the sleep temperature curve is phase advanced relative to the wake temperature curve; this, on the average, by 0.9±0.3 h.If the individually determined amount of masking is added to the temperature data obtained during sleep, or substracted from the temperature data obtained during wake, a temperature curve emerges that can be though of as being purified of the masking effect. Analyses of this artificial curve allow estimation of that part of the internal interactions uninfluenced by the masking effect. On the average, about half of the amount of interaction between the rhythm of sleep-wake and that of deep body temperature is explained by the masking effect, whereas the other half is oscillatory interaction. Both types of interaction are inherent and inseparable parts of the circadian clock mechanism, as can be deduced from model considerations.