粤东华林第四纪断层初析

 首次报道粤东地区发现的第四纪断层华林断层。该断层切割了时代可能属晚更新世的沉积;断面总体走向300°,倾向北东,倾角75°,下盘尚发育多个向下收敛的分枝裂面,其上的擦痕指示断裂下盘上升。断面向下与基岩中的断裂相连,表明其形成是基底断裂继承性活动引起。     

Application of chemical fractionation and X-ray powder diffraction to study phosphorus speciation in sediments from Lake Hongfeng,China

Based on the techniques of sequential extraction and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), the distribution characteristics of phosphorus speciation were investigated in 13 sediment samples from Lake Hongfeng, an important drinking water source for Guiyang with a typical karstic limestone environment. The total phosphorus (TP) concentrations in the sediments ranged from 973.36 to 2334.18 mg/kg with a mean concentration of 1635.87 mg/kg (dry weight), and it was evident that the phosphorus level in the sediments was high compared with other eutrophic lakes such as Lake Chaohu and Lake Xihu. The results of the two methods, sequential extraction and XRD, demonstrated the presence of different phosphorus species in the lake sediments. Being compatible with local geophysical characteristics, the results of sequential extraction techniques indicate that the average percentages of dissolved phosphorus (DP), aluminum-bound phosphorus (Al-P), iron-bound phosphorus (Fe-P), calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P) and organic phosphorus (OP) in the sediments were 0.40%, 7.06%, 5.07%, 45.48% and 38.49%, respectively. Notably, the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (IP) were higher than those of OP, and the IP consisted primarily of Ca-P. The high concentrations of Ca-P may temporarily control the release of phosphorus from the sediments because it is a relatively stable, inert and non-bioavailable phosphorus fraction. The results of XRD analysis indicated that, among phosphorus species, AlPO₄ was found in all sediment samples at relatively high concentrations. Moreover, the TP concentrations in the sediments were high; thus the release potential and bioavailability of phosphorus in the sediments was important. Further statistical analyses of the results revealed significant correlations between phosphorus species in the sediments with two extractable principal components and four selectable cluster levels allowing interpretation of possible origins of phosphorus loading and transformation mechanisms of phosphorus species. Furthermore, available remediation measures were briefly assessed for the lake while considering its distinct environmental features.     

按沉陷深度控制的深海沉积物承载力分析方法

采运设备沉陷深度和深海沉积物承载能力是大洋资源采运设备设计的重要依据.首先从研究深海沉积物物理力学性质特点及其沉陷与承载机理入手,针对深海沉积物抗剪强度随深度变化的特征,利用极限平衡理论建立了采运设备沉陷深度分析模型;其次,考虑到深海沉积物承载能力与采运设备沉陷深度的相关性,在采运设备沉陷深度分析模型研究基础上,采用按...     

Radiometric dating of sediments derived from metamorphic rocks of the Dabie orogenic belt in the Jurasic and Early Cretaceous

Using isotopic dating of tuff, heavy mineral and lithofacies, correlation of Jurassic strata on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt (DOB) has been enabled in the Fenghuangtai, Zhougongshan, Maotanchang and Jingangtai formations, which might be as young as Early Cretaceous. Depositional systems have been interpreted as mainly alluvial fan, braided stream and overbank, secondarily fan-delta and lacustrine. The palaeocurrent systems of the Jurassic-Cretaceous basins can be divided into two classes: one transverse adjacent to the southern margin, the other longitudinal close to the middle flowing from west to east. Mesozoic sedimentary source rocks are mainly from the DOB and, according to their geochemistry, experienced evolution in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The Jurassic-Cretaceous strata have been subdivided into four Chronosomes, and their overlapping progressively from east toward west implies that exhumation of the DOB characterized diachronous. Based on stratigraphic evidence from eclogite conglomerates found in the Maotanchang and Fenghuangtai formations, the first exposure of UHP (ultrahigh pressure) rocks in the DOB occurred in Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous time. Further, phengites and Triassic zircons found in the Lower Jurassic Fanghushan Formation suggest that denudation began in the Early Jurassic.     

表层沉积物和生物膜对双酚A的非线性吸附

以松花江表层沉积物和生物膜为例, 建立液相色谱法 快速检测水中双酚A（BPA), 并研究了BPA在表层沉积物(SSs)和生物膜(NSCSs)上的吸附规律. 结果表明, 采用液相色谱法, 配以紫外检测器, 对BPA的检测限（MDLs）为10 μg/L, 相对标准偏差（RSD）为2.6%~5.7%, 加标回收率为99.4%~117.8%（n=5）. 吸附实验结果表明, BPA在松花江表层沉积物和生物膜上的吸附过程主要为非线性吸附, Freundlich和Langmuir等温线均可描述BPA在表层沉积物和生物膜样品上的热力学吸附过程（p=0.001,n=8）. 与表层沉积物相比, 生物膜有机质含量较高, 具有较强的吸附能力.     

沉积物中溴代阻燃剂的研究进展

溴代阻燃剂(Brominated flame retardants,BFRs)是一种能够使易燃材料降低燃烧性能的助剂。随着其大量生产和使用,BFRs已经成为多种环境介质中普遍检出且极具生态风险的持久性有机污染物（Persistent organic pollutants,POPs）,对生物体和环境产生危害。因此,研究典型环境介质中BFRs的归趋行为和检测方法,对其风险消减具有重要的科学意义。BFRs在水体中的溶解度小,进入水环境易富集于沉积物中。本文对BFRs的最新研究动态进行综述,比较不同地区沉积物中BFRs的污染现状,并且介绍了分析BFRs的样品前处理技术、仪器检测方法和修复技术,并对今后BFRs的研究方向进行讨论和展望。     

北京城市湖泊沉积物中微生物磷脂的分布特征

以北京市城市湖泊八一湖柱状沉积物为研究对象,通过Bligh和Dyer萃取方法,萃取4个采样点柱状沉积物每2 cm分层中的磷脂,使用水质总磷的钼酸铵分光光度法（GB 11893-89）测定分层中磷脂浓度,按照Findlay给出的转换因子（1 nmol磷相当于3.4×107个微生物细胞）,估算出各样点平均微生物含量及分层的微生物量含量。现场测定水体中的pH值、DO、叶绿素等指标,表明八一湖整体水质状况良好。结果表明：八一湖4个采样点磷脂的平均含量分别为1.581μg/gdw,6.741μg/gdw,0.696μg/gdw,2.143μg/gdw。水平分布上,位于湖泊中心的2号采样点磷脂平均含量远高于其他三个采样点的磷脂含量。湖中心水流速缓慢,水流基本没有流动,大量的外源营养物质不能够及时扩散,大部分都会沉淀下来。在垂直分布上,各采样点磷脂含量均随沉积物深度的增加而降低。表层（0 cm～4 cm）磷脂含量的下降趋势相似,均呈现出2 cm分层磷脂含量为4 cm分层磷脂含量的2～3倍;而（4 cm～10 cm）各采样点磷脂含量的下降趋势各不相同。根据Findlay给出的转换因子,沉积物中微生物的含量变化趋势和磷脂含量一致表层（0～6 cm）沉积物微生物含量高,微生物活动活跃,深层（6 cm～10 cm）微生物含量低,微生物活动缓慢。     

2007-2010年浙江岱山赤潮监控区表层沉积物重金属污染状况评价

根据2007-2010年岱山赤潮监控区表层沉积物重金属Hg、As、Cu、Pb和Cd的监测结果进行了含量和潜在生态风险分析。结果表明:沉积物重金属含量符合国家海洋沉积物质量一类标准,Cu和Pb的含量相差不大,且含量明显高于其它3种重金属元素,其次是As>Cd>Hg,5种重金属含量的年际变化各不相同。5种重金属的污染指数大小排序为Cu>As>Pb>Cd>Hg,近4年来污染指数均大于0.6,应引起重视和加强监测。5种重金属的单个潜在生态风险均为低,潜在生态风险参数大小排序为Hg>As>Cd>Cu>Pb,5种重金属的综合潜在生态风险水平也为低。     

江苏辐射沙洲海域悬浮泥沙输运分析

根据辐射沙洲邻近主水道和中心沙洲滩面水道33个站点的水深、潮流和水体含沙量同步实测资料,运用悬沙输移机制分解方法,计算了各站位所在水道断面全潮平均单宽悬移质通量、涨潮平均单宽悬移质通量、落潮平均单宽悬移质通量大小及其方向;并对相应悬沙输移的基本路径进行了分析。对各断面潮平均悬沙通量进行了估算,确定了辐射沙洲腹地邻近水道的悬沙净进入断面和净输出断面;辐射沙洲悬沙输移具有以辐射沙洲条子泥滩地为中心的辐聚辐散运移规律;悬浮泥沙净输移在沙洲腹地有逆时针循环运移特征。从东南过来的东海前进潮波潮流携带的泥沙主要沿条渔港水道以及向条子泥腹地输移,并在条子泥沙脊附近与其他方向的来潮来沙相汇,因此条子泥沙滩存在着淤长的动力因素和泥沙条件。