Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

船舶压载水沉积物的无害化处理与资源化利用

阐述了一些国内外对船舶压载水沉积物的处理方法及其资源化利用现状.考虑到压载水沉积物的特殊理化性质,提出了两种可用于压载水沉积物无害化处理的可行性方案,并针对处理后沉积物的性质提出了资源化利用方案.     

Environmental changes reflected by n-alkanes of lake core in Nam Co on the Tibetan Plateau since 8.4 kaB.P.

The n-alkanes are extracted from NMLC-1 core that was drilled in the Nam Co, central Tibet. They are measured by using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) for componential and quantitative analyses. According to the constructed depth-age model, the component and concentration of n-alkanes, together with total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and carbonate are used to elu- cidate palaeoenvironmental changes of Nam Co during the past 8.4 ka. The results indicate that Holo- cene environment performs three stages in the lake area. In the stage of 8.4―6.7 kaB.P., it was warmer while precipitation slightly increased. This stage was ended by an obvious cold/dry event. During 6.7― 5.8 kaB.P., temperature increased rapidly and reached its maximum values at about 6.0 kaB.P. The environments were warm/wet optimum for the blooming of terrestrial plants and submerged aquatic plants. After that, temperature decreased continuously and showed the lowest values at about 3.0 kaB.P. From 2.9 kaB.P. to the present, temperature rose again but alternated with cold and warm. The lake area tended to be dry after 1.4 kaB.P. During 600―400 aB.P., the environmental feature was the reflection of "Little Ice Age".     

排污流速比对河流水体中悬浮物沉降和底泥再悬浮的影响

采用数值模拟和水槽试验相结合的方法,研究河道排污口不同排污流速比(R分别为4.5、7.2和9.9)对悬浮物在排污口下游区域沉降和底泥再悬浮的影响。结果表明:随着流速比的增加,紊动越剧烈,污染云团扩散范围越大,沉降和悬浮作用也越明显。不同流速比情况下,通过底部水平面的沉降通量变化趋势基本一致,即先增加、后稳定,通量总量随着流速比增大而增加;由于临界起动流速(对应于R=5.8)的存在导致低流速比(R=4.5)情况下再悬浮通量增长缓慢,而中流速比(R=7.2)和高流速比(R=9.9)情况下再悬浮通量增长迅速。由此可见,排污流速对排污口下游区域悬浮物的沉降和底泥再悬浮具有重要的影响。     

防城港湾夏季水质及表层沉积物重金属污染评价

【目的】调查及评价广西防城港湾的重金属污染现状。【方法】2013年8月从广西防城港湾采集33个站位海水样品和11个站位表层沉积物样品,测定海水和沉积物中重金属(铜、铅、锌、镉、汞、砷)含量,再采用单因子指数法和生态风险指数法对采集的海水和沉积物污染状况进行评价。【结果】该海域海水重金属污染程度由高到低分别是PbZnHgCuCdAs,其中,Pb的平均单项污染指数均大于1,超过国家一类海水水质标准;沉积物中重金属平均含量排序为ZnPbCuAsCdHg,均符合国家一类沉积物标准;沉积物重金属污染程度排序为AsPbCuZnHgCd,即污染程度均属于低污染;潜在危害的影响程度从大到小排序为HgAsCdPbCuZn,即潜在风险较低。【结论】夏季防城港湾海洋重金属环境质量状况良好。     

Dating recent lake sediments using spheroidal carbonaceous particle （SCP）

Dating lake sediment using sedimentary event is the supplement and calibration to traditional dating by radionuclide such as ^210Pb and ^137Cs. Based on the change of spheroidal carbonaceous particle (SCP) concentration, the age sequence of lake sediments can be deduced. It is one of the dating methods using sedimentary event. SCP is formed from combustion of fossil fuel at high temperature up to1750℃ and at a rate of heating of approaching 104℃/s. It can be dispersed to several hundred kilometers away from its source and deposited with precipitation or dryly deposited, and kept in sediments. Compared with Cs or Pb, there is no evidence for SCP that it decays in lake sediments and is unremovable once stored except by physical disturbance because it is mainly composed of element carbon. Handy method to extract, identify and calculate has been developed. Although fossil fuel has been used early in China, combustion at high temperature started later since emergence of electricity generation. The productivity of SCP is positively related with the generated thermal power, which is reflected as the SCP concentration in lake sediments increases with the increase of generated thermal power. Therefore, reliable sediment markers from the start of the SCP record and the remarkable variation can be used for dating purpose. In China, electricity industry started from the 1950s, and rapid increase of generated power took place since 1978. Based on these time markers, SCP time sequences of lake sediment cores LH and LL-4 from Longgan Lake, the middle reach of the Yangtze River, have been established, which is comparable with the results from ^137Cs and ^210pb, and has eliminated the errors of dating using ^137Cs and ^210pb.     

珠江口表层沉积物常量元素特征及其地球化学意义

 对珠江口348个站位表层沉积物中常量元素的地球化学特征进行了分析,探讨了其地球化学意义。结果表明,沉积物主要化学组成是SiO₂和Al₂ O₃,平均含量分别为60.1%和15.1%,且自河口向海方向SiO₂含量增大,Al₂ O₃含量减少。元素相关性及因子分析表明,沉积物主要由陆源和生物源碎屑沉积组成,包括SiO₂、Al₂O₃、P₂O₅、Fe₂O₃、MnO、TiO₂、K₂O 和CaO,是控制研究区沉积物化学成分的最主要因素;海源碎屑沉积包括Na₂O、MgO和K₂O,且K₂O具有陆源和海源碎屑双重特征.     

从“吴波秋月”漫谈芜湖地域文化

深厚的芜湖文化底蕴汇集了吴楚晋齐及中原文化精髓,形成了独具个性的地域文化特点,使芜湖名扬海内外。     

Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.