长江口北支潮流沙体沉积物来源分析

通过对兴隆沙地区沉积物环境磁学特征分析,发现该地区磁性矿物主要以来源于长江亚铁磁性矿物为主,并含有少量的反铁磁性矿物;通过微体古生物特征分析,发现长江口北支沉积物主要由潮流流携带而来.综合环境磁学和微体古生物学特征,得出该地区沉积物的来源是多源的,以长江源为主.     

The finding of natural GaN crystals in sediments from the East Pacific Ocean

Although as one of the major constituents in pelagic sediments, clay minerals have not been used unambi guously to determine the origin, provenance, and envi ronments of deep sea sediments due to their poor crys tallization state, chemical complexity and …     

Anaerobic oxidation of methane: Geochemical evidence from pore-water in coastal sediments of Qi’ao Island (Pearl River Estuary), southern China

The concentrations of CH4 and SO4^2- in pore-water and the carbon isotope compositions of total dissolved inorganic （TCO2） and OH4 were determined for three coastal sedimentary cores collected from Qi＇ao Island （Pearl River Estuary）, southern China. Results show that methane concentration changes dramatically at the base of the sulfate-reducing zone and sulfate concentration gradients are linear for all stations. In addition, the carbon isotope of methane becomes heavier at the sulfate-methane transition （SMT）, which causes ∑CO2-δ^13C to become the minimum. The geochemical profiles of pore-water render indirect evidence for anaerobic oxidation of methane （AOM）. Based on numerical modeling of AOM and sulfate-reducing rates, the portion of total sulfate reduction occurring via AOM is 9.0%, 84% and 45.5%, respectively, and the percentage of TCO2 added to the pore-water is 4.7%, 72.4% and 29.45% correspondingly for three sites. Furthermore, it is found that the methane concentration, methane diffusive flux and the depth of SMT are controlled by the quantity and quality of sedimentary organic matter incorporated into the sediments. The great amount of organic material is favorable for rapid depletion of sulfate via sedimentary organic matter degradation, and on the other hand, causes the increase of the methane flux in the SMT, which results in a portion of sulfate reduction supported by AOM. Accordingly, the SMT was shifted towards the sediment surface.     

Radiometric dating of sediments derived from metamorphic rocks of the Dabie orogenic belt in the Jurasic and Early Cretaceous

Using isotopic dating of tuff, heavy mineral and lithofacies, correlation of Jurassic strata on the northern margin of the Dabie orogenic belt (DOB) has been enabled in the Fenghuangtai, Zhougongshan, Maotanchang and Jingangtai formations, which might be as young as Early Cretaceous. Depositional systems have been interpreted as mainly alluvial fan, braided stream and overbank, secondarily fan-delta and lacustrine. The palaeocurrent systems of the Jurassic-Cretaceous basins can be divided into two classes: one transverse adjacent to the southern margin, the other longitudinal close to the middle flowing from west to east. Mesozoic sedimentary source rocks are mainly from the DOB and, according to their geochemistry, experienced evolution in a volcanic arc tectonic setting. The Jurassic-Cretaceous strata have been subdivided into four Chronosomes, and their overlapping progressively from east toward west implies that exhumation of the DOB characterized diachronous. Based on stratigraphic evidence from eclogite conglomerates found in the Maotanchang and Fenghuangtai formations, the first exposure of UHP (ultrahigh pressure) rocks in the DOB occurred in Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous time. Further, phengites and Triassic zircons found in the Lower Jurassic Fanghushan Formation suggest that denudation began in the Early Jurassic.     

北部湾近岸海域夏季海洋环境质量评价

【目的】调查和评价广西北部湾近岸海域的污染状况。【方法】2010年6月从广西北部湾近岸海域采集46个海水样品和24个表层沉积物样品,测定海水中14种元素和沉积物中12种元素的含量,并采用单因子指数法和内梅罗指数法对海水及表层沉积物污染特征进行分析和评价。【结果】该海域中海水平均单项污染程度依次为铅无机磷无机氮=锌汞pH值溶解氧化学耗氧量油类铜镉DDT砷总铬,其中铅和无机磷平均含量超过国家一类海水水质标准;表层沉积物中平均单向污染指数大小顺序为砷石油类铅铬锌汞=铜有机碳DDT镉多氯联苯硫化物,平均含量单项污染指数均小于1,主要污染物为砷、石油类、铅、铬。【结论】内梅罗指数综合评价结果显示,广西北部湾近岸海域海水处于较清洁状态,沉积物质量环境状况良好;综合评价结果显示,该海域海水处于清洁状态。     

青藏高原中西部湖泊生物标志物记录的过去两千年气候变化

以青藏高原中西部湖泊达则错和阿翁错为研究对象,通过分析湖泊沉积物岩芯中GDGTs、长链不饱和烯酮与叶蜡化合物单体氢同位素等生物分子标志物获得过去2000 a以来青藏高原中西部定量的温度与降水同位素记录,以期探讨晚全新世以来不同时段青藏高原气候变化区域特征,并揭示过去2000 a季风与西风对青藏高原影响范围的变化.结果表明:(1)青藏高原气候变化存在强烈的区域性特征,两个湖泊均存在中世纪暖期(MWP),但是暖期持续的时间有所不同,高原西部(阿翁错) MWP持续时间明显长于高原中部(达则错);达则错有明显的小冰期(LIA)降温,阿翁错没有发现明显的LIA,可能受样品分辨率低的影响;过去200 a达则错温度有缓慢降低趋势,可能是冰融水补给湖泊温度变化滞后于气候变化的表现.(2)过去2000 a印度夏季风在青藏高原的最北界线可能发生了北移,在距今1000～2000 a,夏季风边界线位于阿翁错以北、达则错以南;但在过去1000 a印度季风边界线移动到阿翁错和达则错以北.     

湘北九溪下奥陶统盘家咀组岩石类型及沉积环境

在野外剖面详细描述及测量的基础之上,湘北九溪下奥陶统盘家咀组主要发育有灰色-深灰色泥屑(晶)灰岩、粉屑灰岩、生物屑灰岩,以及少量的砾屑灰岩、砂屑灰岩、灰质云岩、含灰云岩。通过对岩性特征、沉积构造、生物遗迹、垂向组合等综合分析,认为盘家咀组沉积环境主要为大陆斜坡—深水盆地。大陆斜坡相可以进一步划分为上斜坡和下斜坡两个亚相,包含等深流沉积、重力流沉积、原地深水沉积3个微相;深水盆地相以盆地边缘亚相为主,包含等深流沉积和原地深水沉积两个微相。其中等深流沉积发育砂屑等深岩、粉屑等深岩、泥屑等深岩、生物屑等深岩4种等深岩,在垂向上发育单一岩性的、不完整的、完整的3种等深岩层序。剖面相分析表明,盘家咀组为一个低海平面-海平面上升-高海平面的海进过程。     

浑水波涌畦灌田面沉积泥沙沿畦长分布规律试验研究

应用大田浑水波涌畦灌和连续畦灌灌水试验资料,研究了灌后田面沉积泥沙的颗粒级配组成、沉积厚度以及田面土壤容重等沿畦长的分布规律及其对入渗的影响。这一研究成果为浑水波涌灌节水机理和技术要素的研究奠定了基础     

水位变动对三峡水库消落带典型雌激素效应物质及活性的影响

以三峡库区消落带为研究对象,将化学分析与生物测试相结合,研究水位变动对消落带土壤（落干期）和沉积物（淹水期）雌激素效应物质种类和含量及雌激素活性的影响,探讨典型雌激素与雌激素效应的关联程度,以期为水库消落带生态安全和环境健康管理提供重要的数据支撑。借助超高效液相色谱-质谱（UPLC-MS）对8种典型雌激素的赋存与质量浓度进行靶向分析,并使用重组基因酵母筛选（YES）体系检测环境样品雌激素活性,通过相关性分析和浓度加和计算建立化学物质与生物效应间的相关联系。8种典型雌激素仅有雌酮（E1）和乙炔基雌二醇（EE2）被检出,含量在0.025～2.667 ng/g范围内。淹水期的沉积物具有明显的雌激素活性,其雌二醇当量（EEQ）值为0.637～6.987 ng/g。相关性分析结果显示,靶向分析的雌激素效应物质与雌激素效应间无明显相关性,仅能解释29.46%的雌激素活性。水位变动影响消落带雌激素效应物质的种类和质量浓度,淹水提高了沉积物雌激素活性。典型雌激素物质与库区消落带雌激素效应无显著关联。因此,需要开发新的方法与技术,以便更为精确地指导消落带雌激素效应的风险识别与管控。