Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.     

Monitoring dynamic changes of global land cover types:fluctuations of major lakes in China every 8 days during 2000–2010

Remote sensing images can be used to delineate variations in the area of lakes and to assess the influence of environmental changes and human activities.However,because lakes are dynamic,results obtained from individual images acquired on a single date are not representative and do not accurately reflect ongoing changes.In this study,we used 8-day moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)composite data from 2000 to2010 to map water surface changes over 629 lakes in China.We combined automatic extraction of training data and support vector machine classification to derive the spatial distribution of these large water bodies.The producer’s and user’s accuracies for MODIS images were91.06%and 89.81%,respectively,when compared with interpretation results from 30 m resolution Landsat images taken on similar days.Area changes,variability,inundation intensity,and rainy seasons of the 629 lakes were analyzed based on this multi-temporal lake database.The total area of the 629 lakes increased over the study period,primarily as a result of the expansion of lake areas on the Tibetan Plateau.There were 12 lakes with a maximum area[1,000 km2,and six of these decreased in area from 2000to 2010.The shrinkages of Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake were-54.76 and-25.08 km2/a,respectively.The area of lakes on Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,northeastern Inner Mongolia,and northeastern China varied little,while lakes on the Yangtze Plain,in southern Inner Mongolia,and central Xinjiang fluctuated considerably.Inundation intensity increased for lakes on the Tibetan Plateau,in northern Xinjiang,Heilongjiang,and Jilin,while inundation extent decreased in central Xinjiang,southern Tibet,southern Inner Mongolia,Sichuan,and on the Yangtze Plain.This study is an attempt to develop high-frequency specific land cover maps to improve applicability of general land cover maps.The lake products serve as an important supplement to hydrologic data.The lake database enables the generation of new land surface process models,which could improve the precision of simulations,based on more accurate observations of dynamic lake systems.     

砂与淤泥互层地基中基坑边坡变形特征

以海口市某砂与淤泥互层地基深基坑工程为背景,通过对其施工期间动态监测数据的分析,总结了该深基坑工程的支护结构变形、周边地表沉降变形及水位变化等特征.分析结果表明:支护结构变形主要发生在基坑开挖阶段,最大水平位移位于长边中心处;基坑开挖的影响范围主要集中于0~2 H处(H为基坑开挖深度),最大可延伸至距基坑边缘约为3 H处,产生最大沉降量位置约为支护结构后0.7~0.9 H处;基坑开挖引起的周边水位变化较小,10月份水位变化波动较大,11月后水位比较稳定.     

河南省科技资源配置区域差异的动态变化分析

科技资源的稀缺性和战略性直接导致区域经济发展的非均衡,高效配置和综合集成是破解差异的关键。基于索罗余值法测算了2001-2014年河南科技资源配置区域差异的动态变化,认为河南科技资源配置处于粗放型发展阶段,从科技资源投入、配置环境和持续发展能力三个维度实证分析了河南18地市的科技资源配置区域差异。     

稀土合金GdCo2与Gd6Fe23的磁熵变测定

在氩气气氛中用溶炼法制备了ＧｄＣｏ２ 和Ｇｄ６Ｆｅ２３ 二种稀土合金．用振动样品磁强计测量它们的磁化曲线,从而计算出磁熵变,估计出磁热效应．此工作能够为设计磁冰箱提供初步的数据     

基于GEE平台的1990—2019年松涛水库水体面积时空变化

为了准确掌握松涛水库水体面积动态变化,保证区域用水安全,实现水资源的可持续利用,通过选用Landsat系列遥感数据,利用GEE(Google Earth Engine)云平台研究了1990—2019年松涛水库水体面积的时空变化。结果表明:1990—2019年间,松涛水库水体面积的年际变化波动较大,整体呈先下降后上升的趋势,而水体面积的月际变化表现出显著的季节性变化规律;研究期间,松涛水库拥有66.43 km~2的永久性水体,出现水陆交替现象的区域主要集中在水库的边缘区域;月降水量、月平均温度分别与松涛水库水体面积表现出显著的负相关关系,而在年际尺度上气候因素与水体面积无明显的相关性,但随着年降水量的增加,水库下一年度的水体面积明显增大。可见GEE云平台可用于连续时间序列、大范围的水体动态变化监测。     

2010—2020年长三角常住人口空间格局演变及影响因素研究

基于第6,7次区县尺度常住人口普查数据,分析了2010—2020年长三角地区人口空间格局的演变及其影响因素.研究发现：（1）长三角人口进一步向浙东北、苏南、浙西南集聚,上海、苏北和苏中地区常住人口比例有所下降;（2）长三角地级及以上城市划分为5个类型,其中杭州市、苏州市和宁波市为高增长型,上海市为中增长型,常州市、台州市和徐州市为低增长型,泰州市和淮安市为低减少型,盐城市为高减少型;（3）苏北、苏中地区人口向中心城区集聚,上海、南京、苏州等大城市的中心城区人口逐渐减少;（4）长三角常住人口规模空间演变影响因素复杂多变.基于研究结论,提出了相应政策建议.     

考虑孔渗变化的非稳态渗流煤储层压降传播规律

基于平面径向渗流理论及煤岩特殊性质,建立了内边界定产水、外边界无限大条件下,排采初期单相水非稳态渗流模型。应用Matlab软件模拟计算了韩城地区两类压降漏斗变化形态;并分析了储层压降传播规律及控制因素。研究表明:纵向压降与扩展半径及时间的比值λ可以用来表征煤储层压降能力强弱,λ越小,压降漏斗水平扩展越明显;λ越大,纵向加深越明显;控制压降漏斗形状、影响压降传播的主要因素分为工程和地质因素,包括排水速度、井网井距、煤层厚度、孔渗条件、水文地质条件等。     

沉寂的化学用字

人类通过化学加深了对物质世界的认识且创造了数量庞大的新物质。在把化学系统引进中国之时,化学工作者创用了一批化学新字。随着时代的变迁,一些化学新字也在发生改变。文章对新中国成立初期仍有使用但后来逐渐淡出的一些化学用字进行了分析,详细介绍了硅、苷、蛋白质等几个专业用词的形成过程,并对其他一些化学用字如酰、醣、肽、镥、锿、镄等的形成进行了简单介绍。