长江口泥沙与沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸研究

在长江口河段布点采样、实验室分析的基础上，从动力学、磷的等温吸附、pH值、盐度和泥沙含量对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸的影响诸方面，对长江口泥沙和沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附和解吸进行分析研究，确定了相应的关系式及变化规律，并计算得到磷酸盐的吸附-解吸平衡时间、泥沙的饱和吸附量、解吸量及细颗粒泥沙对磷的表观等量吸附热。实验分析结果有助于长江口及临近海域富营养问题的研究，对长江口水质管理、污染控制具有指导意义。     

封闭空间调湿材料新的调湿特性指标及其理论基础

在评述现有关于调湿材料的调湿特性指标的基础上 ,利用热力学基本原理 ,从两相平衡的角度导出封闭空间调湿特性指标值的表达式 ,并对其进行分析说明 .发现 B值仅是基于调节的目标状态温度为零度而存在的 ,用于非零度的调节目标时会产生较大误差 .就 B值的不足 ,提出新的调湿特性指标 BT值 .BT值是基于所调节的目标状态而导出的 ,较 B值更为合理准确 .B值和BT值都反映材料与水分的结合性质 ,与结合能密切相关 .材料与水分的结合能越接近纯态水分子间结合能 ,材料的调湿特性越好 .     

Kinetics of the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes of hydrogen storage alloys: A review

High hydrogen absorption and desorption rates are two significant index parameters for the applications of hydrogen storage tanks.The analysis of the hydrogen absorption and desorption behavior using the isothermal kinetic models is an efficient way to investigate the kinetic mechanism.Multitudinous kinetic models have been developed to describe the kinetic process.However,these kinetic models were de-duced based on some assumptions and only appropriate for specific kinetic measurement methods and rate-controlling steps(RCSs),which sometimes lead to confusion during application.The kinetic analysis procedures using these kinetic models,as well as the key kinetic parameters,are unclear for many researchers who are unfamiliar with this field.These problems will prevent the kinetic models and their analysis methods from revealing the kinetic mechanism of hydrogen storage alloys.Thus,this review mainly focuses on the summarization of kinetic models based on different kinetic measurement methods and RCSs for the chemisorption,surface penetration,diffusion of hydrogen,nucleation and growth,and chemical reaction processes.The analysis procedures of kinetic experimental data are expounded,as well as the effects of temperature,hydrogen pressure,and particle radius.The applications of the kinetic models for different hydrogen storage alloys are also introduced.