细胞衰老的研究进展（综述）

细胞衰老的机理不详。综观至目前的各种研究。主要与以下三方面因素有关：（1）基因损伤的积累效应。自由基不断作用导致基因积累的错误信息超出了机体的修复能力,引起细胞衰竭死亡。（2）生命钟基因控制着细胞程序衰老。生物体细胞内存在一系列基因,它们控制着细胞的生长、分化、老化和死亡。（3）染色体端粒的缩短。端粒的长度随细胞的不断分裂而缩短,当DNA丢失到一定程度,细胞随之发生衰老和死亡。端粒酶能延长被缩短的端粒,延迟细胞的衰老,端粒酶的活性受到许多因素影响,其中包括与衰老有关的基因。     

RECQL4与肿瘤发生的关系

RECQL4属于人类RECQ解旋酶家族,广泛参与DNA的复制和损伤修复.早期研究证实,RECQL4突变会导致RTS,BGS和RAPA 3种综合症,其中RTS和BGS患者都有很高的骨肉瘤和淋巴瘤发生倾向,此外,RECQL4还可通过维持线粒体和端粒的基因稳定避免多种肿瘤发生,RECQL4也被认为与血液恶性肿瘤爆发相关.最新实验结果提示,RECQL4缺陷的大部分骨肉瘤患者9号外显子缺失,RECQL4维持线粒体稳定的重要结合蛋白是p53,RECQL4是与生存素结合在一起避免乳腺癌细胞凋亡的,RECQL4过量表达通过增强MCM复制起始复合物活性而促进宫颈癌细胞等的增殖.但目前有关RECQL4与肿瘤关系的机制仍有许多不明之处,需进一步深入探讨.本文对RECQL4与肿瘤发生的关系作一综述,以期为癌症研究和治疗提供思路.     

Circular dichroism spectroscopic studies on structures formed by telomeric DNA sequences in vitro

Telomere plays an important role in cellular processes, such as cell aging, death and carcinogenisis. Having special sequences, it can form quadruplex structure in vitro. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopic studies show that TTAGGG, (TTAGGG)2 and (TTAGGG)4 can all form quadruplex in vitro and exist mainly as parallel quadruplex without metal ions. Both K+ and Na+ can stabilize the tetrameric structure and facilitate the forming of anti-parallel conformation. Furthermore, the conformations of quadruplex can also be affected by sequence length, the nature and concentration of metal ions.     

端粒酶与食管癌、胃癌相关性的研究

端粒是染色体DNA端部的特化部分，由高度重复的短序列DNA一蛋白质组成的特殊结构，能维持染色体的稳定和完整．端粒酶是由RNA与蛋白质亚基组成的核糖核蛋白酶，能以自身RNA为模板，合成端粒序列，是一种非常特殊的逆转录酶．端粒的长度和端粒酶的活性与细胞永生化，细胞衰老和癌变密切相关，在肿瘤发生发展中，端粒酶成为一种重要的肿瘤生物学标志物，有望作为诊断和治疗肿瘤的新靶点．本对端粒酶的结构与功能，端粒酶与食管癌、胃癌相关性的研究新进展及端粒酶活性的检测方法做一简要综述．     

端粒,端粒酶与细胞衰老

细胞衰老是指正常细胞的有限增殖性,放多因素影响或控制着细胞衰老的发生,发展。端粒是染色体的末端,具有保护端粒ＤＮＡ的功能,随着ＤＮＡ不断复制和细胞分裂,端粒长度会逐渐缩短,而细胞衰老的过程也就开始,端粒酶活性和端粒长度呈正相关,间接地影响了细胞的衰老过程。     

Functional DNA Materials Controlled by Surrounding Conditions

1 Results Addressable, controllable, and switchable supramolecular devices can provide keys to regulate the structure and function of nanomaterials. From this viewpoint, oligonucleotides are promising supramolecular materials because their assembly is addressable and they can be programmed. The G-quadruplexes of the oligonucleotide possess at least two important aspects: functions in vivo and applications in vitro. In addition, it is demonstrated that the G-quadruplex is promising for nanomolecular mach...     

Lipid Peroxidation-Mediated Telomere Shortening in Hydroxyl Radical-Induced Apoptosis in HeLa Cells

IntroductionReactive oxygen species(ROS) generation has beenfound to be an important event in apoptotic tumorcell death induced by various anti- cancer agentssuch as camptothecin,vinblastine,inostamycinand adrimycin[1] .On the other hand,ROSscavengers such as N- acetyl- L- cysteine(NAC) andglutathione(GSH) have been found to inhibitapoptosis induced by TGFβ- 1 ,TNF-α and growthfactor deprivation in IL- 3 - dependent murine pro- Blymphocyte,murine T cell hybridoma,humanovarian- carci…     

The changes in telomerase activity and telomere length in HeLa cells undergoing apoptosis induced by sodium butyrate

The changes in telomerase activity and telomere length during apoptosis in HeLa cells as induced by sodium butyrate (SB) have been studied. After a 48 h SB treatment, HeLa cells demonstrated characteristic apoptotic hallmarks including chromatin condensation, formation of apoptotic bodies and DNA Laddering which were caused by the cleavage and degradation of DNA between nucleosomes. There were no significant changes in telomerase activity of apoptotic cells, while the telomere length shortened markedly. In the meanwhile, cells became more susceptible to apoptotic stimuli and telomere became more vulnerable to degradation after telomerase activity was inhibited. All the results suggest that the apoptosis induced by SB is closely related to telomere shortening, while telomerase enhances resistance of HeLa cells to apoptotic stimuli by protecting telomere.     

端粒与端粒酶的研究进展

端粒是真核生成染色体末端特的蛋白质－DNA结构,对维护染色体稳定性和DNA完整复制具有重要作用,端粒酶则是由DNA和蛋白质亚基组成的能够延端粒的一种特殊反轨录酶,端粒和活性的变化与细胞衰老和癌变密切相关。     

端粒和端粒酶的发现——2009年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖成果介绍

2009年度诺贝尔生理学或医学奖在瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院揭晓,美国加利福尼亚旧金山大学的Elizabeth H. Blackburn、美国巴尔的摩约翰·霍普金斯医学院的Carol W. Greider和美国哈佛医学院的Jack W. Szostak获得该奖,以表彰他们发现了端粒和端粒酶保护染色体的机制。端粒是染色体末端由DNA重复序列组成的一种特殊结构,具有维持染色体结构稳定性的功能,会随染色体复制与细胞分裂而缩短。端粒酶作用于端粒,依靠自身RNA模板合成端粒DNA,维持端粒的长度与结构完整。端粒和端粒酶的发现解释了生物学中长期未解决的染色体末端复制问题,推动了生物学和生物医学相关领域的发展,为研究衰老、与衰老相关的疾病和肿瘤发生发展的分子机制提供了新的思路。