Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)

Despite their abundance and diversity, Neotropical spiders have been the subject of relatively few studies of behavioural ecology. The sexual behaviour and maternal care of the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis (Lycosidae) is described here. We performed experimental manipulations to test the hypothesis that males are attracted by female cues in the web. Two predictions were tested: (a) webs used by a virgin female will attract more males than webs used by an inseminated female; (b) the main cue in the web is chemical, so webs recently used by virgin females will attract more males than those that are not recently used. Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that maternal care increases offspring survivorship. Results showed that males are attracted by recently used webs (z = 0.0015; p = 0.037; z-test) and webs of virgin females (z = 0.041; p = 0.036, z-test). Male sexual behaviour presented three different categories: court, pre-mate and mate. After the mating, the females built a cocoon that was transported adhered to the spinnerets and held by the last pair of legs. After the hatching of the eggs, the young migrated to the dorsal region of the mother's body for 5 days. During maternal care the mother eliminates a yellowish drop from its oral cavity, which is collected by the young. During the development of the young until adulthood, the offspring that have their mother present in the first stages of life have greater survival compared with those without maternal care. Our results make it possible to perform comparative analyses between a South American Lycosidae species and other species distributed worldwide.     

绕细长体空化器的垂直超空化流分析

对于绕轴对称细长体空化器的超空泡流问题,提出了一种积分方程方法.用奇异性离散化方法对积分方程进行了求解.在垂直来流时,考虑了Froude数对定常和非定常超空泡长度和形状的影响;比较了不同形状细长空化器的超空泡长度和横截面尺寸.应用时间有限差分离散化方法,计算了空化数变化时超空泡形状和长度的非定常变化.计算表明,空泡的形状变化具有时间滞后性和波动性.用Logvinovich空泡横截面独立膨胀原理对扰动波形沿空泡表面的传播过程作了定性分析.     

对10轮AES-128的中间相遇攻击

给出了AES-128相邻两轮的轮密钥之间的一个线性关系。通过将这一关系与Hüseyin Demirci和Ali Aydın Selçuk在2008年提出的一个5轮AES区分器相结合,构造了一个8轮AES区分器。在这个8轮AES区分器的基础上,设计了一个对10轮AES-128的中间相遇攻击方案。这一方案在预计算阶段可以节省相当大的存储空间。     

上覆荷载作用下胀缩性土干湿循环过程中胀缩变形规律研究

进行了限制侧向膨胀、允许侧向收缩时压实膨胀土、压实红黏土在不同上覆荷载作用下干湿循环试验,定量分析了在干湿循环过程中膨胀土、红黏土的胀缩变形规律.研究结果表明:在相同的干湿循环次数下,膨胀土、红黏土试样的胀缩变形幅度随上覆荷载的增加而逐渐减小,上覆荷载的作用能够不同程度地抑制膨胀性土的胀缩变形.     

三维射击精度的Winterbottom逼近

为避免导弹武器三维射击精度降维评估带来的信息损失问题,在三维射击精度一阶逼近法研究的基础上,引进SEP对分布参数的二阶偏导数,依据Winterbottom展开给出了SEP的置信上界和置信区间表达式。详细推导了具体计算公式,提出Box-Cox变换参数λ的选取原则,列出了优化λ的计算方程,并以示例说明Winterbottom逼近对中小样本的具体运用和实际效果,结果表明该方法具有良好的使用前景。首次将渐进正态性理论和逼近理论引入三维精度评估领域,解决了球概率误差分布未知问题。     

不确定多目标电源规划模型

在综合考虑电源规划方案经济、社会和环境等多元目标的基础上,汲取概率和工程模糊集理论的思想方法,通过对规划方案中不确定性指标进行分类和规格化,建立不确定多目标电源规划模型,并给出评价决策方案优劣的方法．应用算例表明,该模型能够处理在随机情况下不具有明显相关关系的系统多目标之间的协调问题,且求解过程中易整合决策者和专家意见,为解决不确定系统的多目标问题提供了一种具有实用性的方法．     

EVA塑料发泡倍率的影响规律实验

采用田口实验设计方法,选取模具温度、模压时间、注射压力和模压压力进行正交实验,分析工艺参数对EVA(乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物)发泡倍率的影响.结果表明,模具温度对发泡倍率的影响较为显著,模压时间次之,注射压力与模压压力的影响较小.随着模具温度的升高,发泡倍率逐渐增大,最终趋于稳定值,随着模压时间的增加,发泡倍率也逐渐最大...     

论政府规模扩张的三个缘由

现代政府规模总处在持续的扩张状态之中,其原因是复杂的。但从政府在社会中所发挥的作用看来,社会分工的发展、政府组织自身的行为,以及社会与公众对政府日益增长的公共产品与服务的需求在客观上刺激了政府规模的扩张。     

湍流燃烧的简化的联合PDF模拟

为同时满足工程应用中的合理性和经济性 ,提出了一种简化的联合三维高斯分布的 PDF模型 ,将其用于后台阶突扩燃烧室中甲烷燃烧的数值模拟。由于充分考虑了组分浓度、温度的一阶矩以及它们的二阶自关联矩和互关联矩对化学反应速率的影响 ,得到的火焰形状和温度分布无论是定性还是定量上都比 EBU模型和 Arrhenius模型合理。因计算量较小 ,模型在工程实际中 ,特别是污染物生成的数值模拟中得到应用