水分胁迫对枣树组培苗渗透调节物质的影响

水分胁迫条件下分别测定了继代苗抗性不同的品种叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、丙二醛含量、叶片质膜相对透性。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,不同品种间叶片脯氨酸、可溶性总糖、丙二醛含量、叶片质膜相对透性存在较大差异。表现出较抗旱的品种叶片中脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量变化表现出较高的趋势;而丙二醛含量和质膜相对透性变化表现出较低的趋势。     

Importance of NPA motifs in the expression and function of water channel aquaporin-1

The asparagine-proline-alanine sequences (NPA motifs) are highly conserved in aquaporin water channel family. Crystallographic studies of AQP1 structure demonstrated that the two NPA motifs are in the narrow central constriction of the channel, serving to bind water molecules for selective and effi-cient water passage. To investigate the importance of the two NPA motifs in the structure, function and biogenesis of aquaporin water channels, we generated AQP1 mutations with NPA1 deletion, NPA2 de-letion and NPA1,2 double deletion. The coding sequences of the three mutated cDNAs were subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1 to form expression plasmids. We established stably transfected CHO cell lines expressing these AQP1 mutants. Immunofluorescence indicated that all the three mutated AQP1 proteins are expressed normally on the plasma membrane of stably transfected CHO cells, suggesting that deletion of NPA motifs does not influence the expression and intracellular processing of AQP1. Functional analysis demonstrated that NPA1 or NPA2 deletion reduced AQP1 water permeability by 49.6% and 46.7%, respectively, while NPA1,2 double deletion had little effect on AQP1 water permeability. These results provide evidence that NPA motifs are important for water per-meation but not essential for the expression, intracellular processing and the basic structure of AQP1 water channel.     

山西省河道工程管理浅议

介绍了山西省河道工程管理的现状,分析了河道管理体制工作中存在的问题,探讨了山西省河道工程管理发展方向及搞好工程管理应采取的措施。     

我国水资源安全研究进展

水资源是人类赖以生存和发展的自然资源,是生态环境的控制性因素之一,同时又是一种重要的战略性经济资源,正日益制约着我国经济快速、健康、持续性发展.我国水资源短缺,水旱灾害频繁,水体污染严重.因此,水资源安全形势极为严峻,已对我国粮食安全、生态安全、经济安全、社会安全等产生严重影响.主要从水资源安全的内涵、水资源安全的度量、水资源安全评价和水资源安全对策等方面,综述了国内水资源安全研究进展,在此基础上探讨了水资源安全研究中存在的不足,并对今后的研究进行了展望.     

Water in granulites: implications for the nature and evolution of the lower continental crust

The lower continental crust is one of the most important sphere-layers in the deep earth, and is the direct place where the crust-mantle interactions occur. Granulites are the dominated rocks in the lower crust, and have critical implications for the knowledge of the composition, nature and evolution of the deep crust; fluids are important mediums influencing many geochemical, geophysical and geodynamical characteristics of the lower crust, and may also play a fundamental role in the petrogenesis of granulites and the formation of the lower crusts. In this paper, we review recent advances involved with the deep continental crust, granulites and fluids, and some long-standing debates. Combined with the Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis performed on the mineral assemblages (cpx, opx, plag and grt) in lower crustal granulite xenoliths and terrains (exposed section) from east China, it is suggested that structural water, dominated by OH, in these nominally anhydrous phases may constitute the most important water reservoir in the deep crust. This structual water may help to understand many lower crustal geological processes and phenomena (e.g. seismic activities and electrical conductive anomalies), and influences from these water must be taken into consideration.     

回灌条件下垃圾渗滤液水头动态变化规律

建立了回灌条件下垃圾渗滤液水头动态变化的模型，并用分离变量法对该模型进行了解析求解，对解进行了分析讨论，分析结果表明：水头的变化趋势大致为一抛物线，在抛物线顶点处达到最大，在一定的时间范围内，时间越长，其压力水头变化越明显。压力水头动态变化表明了通过填埋场回灌渗滤液水头的动态变化，可以短时间内使垃圾渗滤液中的有机污染物得到有效去除。其解可为垃圾填埋场渗滤液控制系统的设计和管理提供科学的理论依据和技术支持，对于城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的处理具有一定的指导作用和工程实用价值。     

高光谱遥感技术在悬沙水体研究中的应用

水体中悬浮泥沙影响到水体的透明度和水色等光学性质，还密切关系到河口海岸冲淤变化过程。采用高光谱遥感技术获得悬沙水体的反射光谱数据，同时从原理上来计算反射率。针对传统水体遥感测量的局限性，地物光谱仪测量方式更加合理。选用地物光谱仪和光纤光谱仪进行研究，得到以下结论：随着悬沙浓度的增高，反射率也增高，且发生反射的波段范围有所增大；离水面一定距离时测得的悬沙反射率的误差主要来自于天空光，近水面虽然减少了天空光的部分影响，但光纤光谱仪较敏感，受水面波动的影响较大；到水面下光强变弱，利用光纤光谱仪可以不受天空光影响直接获得水体反射率。     

磁性膨润土净水剂制备及其应用

针对粉末状膨润土在水处理应用中存在固液难以分离的问题，进行了磁性膨润土新型吸附剂开发的研究．通过膨润土提纯、在二价和三价铁离子混合溶液中用氨水调节负载铁的氧化物及真空干燥等步骤，制备了一系列不同磁化率的磁性膨润土产品．对产品进行X衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）及磁化率表征分析可知，膨润土表面负载的是四氧化三铁，其磁化率的大小随所负载铁含量的增加而增大．对水中微量氯乙酸和铅离子的吸附考察得知，磁性膨润土产品的吸附性能与原粉末状膨润土相当，但是对铅离子的吸附性能要比活性炭高得多．本文制得的磁性膨润土产品可以用磁分离技术非常容易地从溶液中分离出来，而且制备工艺简单，反应条件温和，在实际生产中具有广阔的应用前景．     

UV—H2O2氧化处理饮用水中DMP效果及其降解动力学

采用UV-H2O2联用工艺去除饮用水中内分泌干扰物邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP).研究表明单独的UV不能有效氧化去除DMP;而UV-H2O2联用工艺对饮用水中DMP具有很好的去除效果.在原水DMP浓度为5.149 6μmol.L-1(1.0 mg.L-1)左右、UV光强133.9μW.cm-2、H2O2投加量20 mg.L-1和反应时间60 min条件下,DMP的去除率可达到91.96%.同时,在氧化过程中,试验检测到比DMP极性更大的的产物.建立了UV-H2O2联合工艺降解饮用水中DMP及其产物生成降解的动力学模型,该模型可较好模拟UV-H2O2联合工艺对DMP的氧化情况.