硅藻土、钠长石及石英的可浮性研究

实验考察了十二胺对硅藻土、钠长石、石英的捕收能力.通过ζ-电位、红外光谱检测对十二胺与硅藻土、钠长石、石英的作用机理进行了分析.浮选实验结果表明,pH为55～105,十二胺浓度为238×10-4mol/L时,钠长石和石英单矿物浮选回收率分别在92%和97%以上,而硅藻土的回收率在5%以下.ζ-电位分析结果表明,pH为55～105时,十二胺在钠长石和石英表面的吸附明显强于在硅藻土表面的吸附,这与浮选结果一致.红外光谱分析结果表明,pH为55时,十二胺在硅藻土、钠长石、石英表面均存在物理吸附、氢键作用,且在硅藻土表面的吸附强度相对弱,导致其可浮性差.     

肺毒清颗粒制备工艺研究

为建立肺毒清颗粒的最佳制备工艺,并考察其可行性与稳定性,选用L9(34)正交试验优选苦参、木蝴蝶及栀子的提取工艺,通过多因素平行试验对醇沉浓度进行优选,确定栀子的纯化工艺,并采用单因素平行试验对辅料及其用量、干燥条件等进行成型工艺筛选.试验结果表明:优选的肺毒清颗粒最佳提取工艺为,苦参与木蝴蝶加10倍量75%乙醇提取3次,每次1.5 h;栀子加12倍量水提取3次,每次1 h;栀子提取液纯化工艺为,将栀子提取液浓缩为相对密度为1.20左右的清膏,加乙醇使含醇量达85%;成型工艺为,取纽甜3.75 g加入到12%投料量的20%乙醇中,混匀,备用,取苦参与木蝴蝶提取物150 g、栀子提取物75 g、可溶性淀粉660 g,麦芽糊精112 g,混匀,加入含纽甜的20%乙醇溶液,混匀,制粒、干燥、整粒、即得.本制备工艺合理、稳定,操作简单,适用于大规模生产.     

论内燃机的排气净化

介绍了内燃机排气有害成分及其危害,分析了排气中有害成分生成的原因,并提出了排气净化的有效措施。     

添加氯离子对Ni/CeO2催化剂CO选择甲烷化反应催化性能的促进

采用浸渍方法制备NiO(Cl_x)/CeO₂系列样品,经还原后得到Ni(Cl_x)/CeO₂催化剂,用于富氢气体中CO的选择甲烷化反应,考察Cl/Ce原子比(x)对CO选择甲烷化反应活性的影响. 结果表明,添加氯离子能够显著抑制CO₂甲烷化反应,因而可使富氢气体中CO浓度降至10-5以下并且CO甲烷化反应选择性不低于50%,满足质子交换膜燃料电池对燃料的要求. 通过CO和CO₂吸附实验、程序升温还原(TPR)测定以及物相组成和晶粒尺寸分析,揭示添加氯离子的作用.      

美人蕉、鸢尾、黄菖蒲和千屈菜对富营养化水体净化效果研究

以美人蕉、鸢尾、千屈菜和黄菖蒲4种水生观赏植物为材料,分析单种植物和不同植物组合在富营养化水体中的生物量变化及对富营养化水体中总氮、总磷、pH、化学需氧量、溶解氧及叶绿素a含量的影响.结果表明,不同水生植物在富营养化水体中生长的生物量增加值差异性显著,变化范围为3.77~12.17g·L~(-1).单种植物和不同组合对富营养化水体中总氮、总磷和COD_(Mn)均具有良好的去除效果,对DO值有显著的增加作用(P0.05),且降低了水体pH.在处理35d时,单种植物对磷素去除率在87.24%~91.38%,植物组合对总磷去除率为62.67%~88.44%,对COD_(Mn)的去除效果达到显著水平(P0.05);此外,美人蕉和美人蕉+鸢尾组合对富营养化水体净化效果明显,各指标间有极显著相关性.该研究结果为利用水生观赏植物防止富营养化水体提供了依据和植物资源.     

简谐势阱中理想费米气体的热力学性质

采用Thomas-Fermi半经典近似,研究了任意维简谐势阱中理想费米气体的热力学性质.解析推导出了化学势、费米能和比热的通用表达式,讨论了空间维度和势阱的影响.数值计算了二维和三维费米系统的特征热力学量,与经典极限较好地吻合.     

兔圆小囊组织中抗菌肽类物质的分离纯化及抗菌活性研究

成年健康家兔,经腹腔注射猪大肠杆菌刺激后,取圆小囊组织以捣碎机捣碎,沸水浴处理后,以5％乙酸提取,调整pH值后,经SephadexG100凝胶柱过滤层析,收集各组分并用琼脂糖弥散法检测各组分的抗菌活性,获得纯化的抗菌肽类物质。纯化物经Tricine SDS-PAGE,银染后分析为一条蛋白带,分子量约为7000Da左右,经超滤分析,纯化物的分子量大于3000Da。抗菌肽粗提物和纯化物经体外抗菌实验,对大肠杆菌（078）、金黄色葡萄球菌、绿脓杆菌均表现出较强的抗菌活性。     

膜纯化—分光光度法测定侧柏叶总黄酮含量

将膜分离技术与植物有效成分分析方法结合,提出以二醋酸纤维素膜（ＣＡＭＦＭ）膜纯化－分光光度法取代蒸干转溶法测定侧柏叶提取液中侧柏叶总黄酮含量。与蒸干转溶法相比,ＣＡＭＦＭ膜纯化－分光光度法具有除杂效率高、分析过程无相变、有效成分理化性质稳定、分析操作简便、分析结果重复性好、准确度较高的特点。     

重组羧肽酶B在胰岛素原C肽制备工艺中的应用

用RT-PCR方法克隆了大鼠羧肽酶原B的cDNA编码序列,将其重组到原核表达质粒pT7-473中,并在大肠杆菌中以包涵体方式获得高表达。SDS-PAGE电泳及灰度扫描显示表达量达菌体总蛋白的35％,表达产物融合了表达质粒上的6His。在变性条件下,经Ni-NTA柱纯化,得到羧肽酶原B,在复性液中进行稀释复性后,胰蛋白酶切得具酶活性的羧肽酶B,然后经DEAE-FF分离纯化获得较纯的羧肽酶B(28．5mg／L),比活为13．5u／mg。用RP-HPLC分析胰蛋白酶 羧肽酶B酶解胰岛素原C肽三聚体的酶解产物,证明该重组的羧肽酶B可替代提取的羧肽酶B应用于胰岛素原C肽的制备工艺中。     

Impact of climate change on wetland ecosystems: A critical review of experimental wetlands

Climate change is identified as a major threat to wetlands. Altered hydrology and rising temperature can change the biogeochemistry and function of a wetland to the degree that some important services might be turned into disservices. This means that they will, for example, no longer provide a water purification service and adversely they may start to decompose and release nutrients to the surface water. Moreover, a higher rate of decomposition than primary production (photosynthesis) may lead to a shift of their function from being a sink of carbon to a source. This review paper assesses the potential response of natural wetlands (peatlands) and constructed wetlands to climate change in terms of gas emission and nutrients release. In addition, the impact of key climatic factors such as temperature and water availability on wetlands has been reviewed. The authors identified the methodological gaps and weaknesses in the literature and then introduced a new framework for conducting a comprehensive mesocosm experiment to address the existing gaps in literature to support future climate change research on wetland ecosystems. In the future, higher temperatures resulting in drought might shift the role of both constructed wetland and peatland from a sink to a source of carbon. However, higher temperatures accompanied by more precipitation can promote photosynthesis to a degree that might exceed the respiration and maintain the carbon sink role of the wetland. There might be a critical water level at which the wetland can preserve most of its services. In order to find that level, a study of the key factors of climate change and their interactions using an appropriate experimental method is necessary. Some contradictory results of past experiments can be associated with different methodologies, designs, time periods, climates, and natural variability. Hence a long-term simulation of climate change for wetlands according to the proposed framework is recommended. This framework provides relatively more accurate and realistic simulations, valid comparative results, comprehensive understanding and supports coordination between researchers. This can help to find a sustainable management strategy for wetlands to be resilient to climate change.