Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

Metabolism of 3β-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in hamsters

Summary Metabolism of 26-hydroxycholesterol to 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid and other C24-bile acids has been expected to occur by way of 3-hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid in studies in vitro. 3-Hydroxycholest-5-en-26-oic acid was infused intravenously into bile fistula hamsters and the following C24-bile acids were identified: 3-hydroxychol-5-en-24-oic acid, lithocholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, and a small amount of cholic acid.     

Spontaneous transformation of C60Br24 to C60 in solvents

It was found that C₆₀Br₂₄ transforms to C₆₀ spontaneously in some solvents. The intermediate, C₆₀Br₈, can be separated in some cases. When the bromine trap, phenol, was added,p-bromophenol and other brominated product were obtained and identified. The influences of time, the kind of solvent, etc were investigated. Possible mechanism was suggested. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Liu Ying: born in 1969, Ph. D     

再生丝心蛋白和羧甲基纤维素复合膜的特性及其在有机相葡萄糖生物传感器中的应用

用再生丝心蛋白和羧甲基纤维素构成的复合膜作为固定葡萄糖氧化酶的基质,并用红外光谱测试了该复合膜的结构,用扫描电子显微镜观察了其形态．用上述复合膜材料固定葡萄糖氧化酶和羧酸二茂铁（或７,７,８,８－四氰代二甲基苯醌,ＴＣＮＱ）制成的葡萄糖生物传感器具有较好的灵敏度与稳定性     

Antiviral activities of anthraquinones,bianthrones and hypericin derivatives from lichens

The antiviral activities of some naturally occurring anthraquinones bianthrones, and hypericin derivatives were compared by the end-point CPE (viral cytopathic effects) method and plaque assays. Under optimal conditions of exposure to light, hypericin, 7,7-dichlorohypericin and 5,7-dichloroemodin exhibited strong inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (herpes simplex virus type 1) in both assays. Partial inactivation of the virus was shown by emodin, 7-chloroemodin and 7-chloro-1-O-methylemodin; the bianthrones and other anthraquinones were found to be inactive. Antiviral activity appeared to be, positively correlated with increasing substitution of chlorine in the anthraquinone structure. In the absence of light, only hypericin and 7,7-dichlorohypericin displayed detectable activity.     

LaCeCuMn/γ-Al2O3纳米稀土催化剂的制备及性能研究

以纳米纤维状γ-Al₂O₃为载体，采用工艺路线简单的浸渍法制备了La_xCe_1-xCuMn纳米稀土催化剂，并应用微反活性评价装置测试了对CO和C₃H₈的氧化活性。利用XRD，TEM，BET等手段，分析了产品的结构和粒子形貌。实验结果表明，催化剂活性组分在载体上分散比较均匀，平均粒径在15～20nm之间，为纳米级催化剂。La物质的量为0.4mol、活性组分质量分数为15.04%时，制得了较为纯净的钙钛矿催化剂，CO和 C₃H₈氧化反应中起燃温度分别可以达到161，186℃，且二者的最终转化率均在99%以上。     

微柱高效液相色谱法测定Cu(HQ)2和HQ

研究了用微柱高效液相色谱法测定8-羟基喹啉铜中的8-羟基喹啉(HQ)和8-羟基喹啉铜[Cu(HQ)2]的方法,8-羟基喹啉铜样品用甲醇溶解,然后以WatersXterraTMRP18(1.0×50mm,2.5μm)微柱为固定相,60%的甲醇(内含0.05moL/LpH值为4.0的醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲盐)为流动相分离,用紫外二极管矩阵检测器检测测定,方法标准回收率在99-102%,相对标准偏差在0.58-0.65%之间,结果满意.     

以提高乙肝病毒表面抗原表达量和免疫原性为目的的番茄果实特异表达载体的构建

为了提高乙肝病毒表面抗原基因在番茄果实中的表达量和免疫原性,采用克隆的E8番茄果实特异表达启动子和乙肝病毒表面抗原M蛋白基因构建了植物表达载体pBIES2, 及只含有乙肝病毒表面抗原S蛋白的表达载体pBIES,并将它们分别导入根癌农杆菌LBA4404中.最后对该载体的优越性进行了讨论.     

利用微电铸制作镍悬臂梁

为了设计出导电的Ni微变截面悬臂梁，采用了基于成熟的电镀技术的微电铸工艺．在分析悬臂梁的变截面结构和搭建微电铸试验平台之后，设计了整个工艺流程，利用近紫外线厚胶光刻、Ni微电铸、去除牺牲层等工艺实现了悬臂梁的制作．工艺实验结果表明，整个变截面悬臂梁的铸层表面没有缺陷，但不同微电铸面积的基座、粗梁、细梁的铸层厚度不均匀，其中，铸层面积最大的基座铸层最厚，面积次之的粗梁的铸层厚度居中，面积最小的细梁的铸层最薄．实验证明在一定范围内增大占空比和降低电流密度可以抑制这种厚度不均匀现象．     

ZrW0.8Mo1.2O8四方相的微波法合成及其表征

文章分别用微波法和前驱物法合成了ZrW0.8Mo1.2O8的四方相，该相尚未见公开报道．对其进行了XRD分析和指标化．对比了两种合成方法和合成产物的形貌，阐明了微波合成的优越性。