钢坯磨削温度的若干试验研究

通过使用“可磨式”人工热电偶进行的不同条件下的磨削温度测量试验研究了钢坯磨削工件表层温度,结果表明钢坯被磨削表层温度分布与热强呈三角形分布时的理论分析结果相同,表层峰值温度随磨削压力及磨削功率增大而提高,且随工件进给速度提高而略有降低,峰值温度还随磨削角度减小而提高,90°磨削的峰值温度比0°磨削要低250℃左右,砂轮种类也对峰值温度有重要影响,使用锆刚玉砂轮时磨削温度低于棕刚玉砂轮,试验结果表明高效钢坯磨削的磨削区温度远比普通磨削为高,可达1200℃左右,还从不同方面探讨了磨削高温对钢坯磨削的影响,认为尽管磨削高温有若干不利影响,但对高效钢坯磨削却是重要条件,上述讨论,从一个方面揭示了钢坯磨削机理,并验证了关于钢坯磨削温度的理论分析结果。     

The susceptibility to exercise-induced muscle damage increases as rats grow larger

Summary Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl--glucosaminidase activities were both elevated after eccentric exercise indicating that this type of exercise causes muscle damage. Muscle damage as measured by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in the vastus intermedius was greater and occurred later in larger rats indicating that the susceptibility to muscle damage is increased and the repair process delayed in older and larger animals.     

Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection

Summary Quantitative genetic models of sexual selection have disporven some of the central tenets of both the handicap mechanism and the sexy son hypothesis. These results suggest that the good genes approach to sexual selection may generally lead to erroneous results.Runaway sexual selection seems possible under a wide variety of circumstances. Quantittive genetic models have revealed runaway processes for sexually selected attributes expressed in both sexes and for attributes of parental care. Furthermore, the runaway could occur simultaneously in a series of populations that straddle an environmental gradient. While the models support the feasibility of runaway processes, empirical studies are needed to evaluate whether runaways actually happen. Estimates of critical genetic parameters are particularly needed, as well as measures of natural and sexual selection acting on the same population.The models also show that sexual selection has tremendous potential to produce population differentiation, particularly in epigamic traits. Differentiation is promoted by indeterminancy of evolutionary outcome, transient differences among populations during the final slow approach to equilibrium, sampling drift among equilibrium populations, and the tendency of sexual selection to amplify geographic variation arising from spatial differences in natural selection. Recent work with two- and three-locus models of sexual selection has produced results that parallel the results of the polygenic models^36–38,58. Thus the feature of indeterminate equilibria (outcome dependent on initial conditions) is common to both types of model.     

A new semisynthetic ergot peptide alkaloid: DCN 203-922

Summary We report the synthesis, stereochemistry and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of DCN 203-922, a novel ergot alkaloid of the cyclol type, which contains in its peptide moiety the uncommon amino acid L-allo-isoleucine.Part of this paper was reported by this author at the Herbstversammlung der Schweizerischen Chemischen Gesellschaft, Bern, in October 1986.     

稀土高碳当量灰口铸铁组织与性能的研究

本文研究了利用稀土合金改善高碳当量灰口铸铁质量的可能性,稀土合金对高碳当 量灰口铸铁组织和性能影响的规律,以及稀土夹杂物在铸铁各相中分布的规律．发现了 稀土合金加入量与铸铁的机械性能之间明显的对应关系——“双峰值效应”。对稀土高 碳当量灰口铸铁的某些高温机械、物理、化学性能进行了研究。结果表明稀土合金加入 到高碳当量灰口铸铁中以后能净化铁水,改善组织,并提高其性能．     

边界元法在计算地下水稳定水位和流量中的应用

边界元法是一种新的数值计算方法。该法易于处理无限区域的地下水流问题,并且计算流量也较其他方法准确。本文介绍在二维稳定流的情况下如何计算地下水的水头和流量。承压含水层中的稳定流动,水头H满足拉普拉斯方程。利用格林第二公式,可以得到边界积分方程,即边界元的基本公式。可以用数值方法计算这一边界积分。为此,在边界上选取有限个点,称为节点,两节点间的线段称为单元。本文中选用线性单元和线性插值。引进局部坐标系,可以得到表示H和( H/ n)关系的方程。我们可以选一个节点作为固定的基点,其他节点为动点,对于每一选择都可得到一个方程。依次把每一节点作为基点,可得到N个方程,构成一个线性代数方程组。根据边界条件,每一节点中的H或( H/ n)有一个是已知的,解方程组可求出另一个。解出边界上的全部H和( H/ n)以后,可算出内部的水头和流量。对于非均质问题可划分为几个区域来处理。分界线上要满足相容性方程。对于( H/ n)的不连续点,可用“节点多值法”处理。     

A major metabolite of Δ1-tetrahydrocannabinol reduces its cataleptic effect in mice

Summary The results described here demonstrate that THC-induced catalepsy in mice can be substantially inhibited by the prior administration of ¹-THC-7-oic acid, the major metabolite of THC in most species including humans. This raises the possibility that the intensity and duration of action of THC may depend to a large degree on the levels of this metabolite at the sites of action.We thank the National Institute on Drug Abuse for supporting this project by grants DA-02043 and DA-02052 and for supplying all of the cannabinoids. One of us (S.B.) is also the recipient of a Research Scientist Award from NIDA. We are grateful to Kristen Carlson and Thomas Honeyman for helpful suggestions in preparing this report.     

迟后型时滞控制系统的稳定判断及稳定条件(下)

本文旨在把判断低阶时滞系统稳定性的“截点法”推广到高阶迟后型时滞系统的稳定性判断。文中具体分析了三阶时滞系统的稳定条件,并用计算机模拟证实了有关结论的正确性。此外,本文还提出了判断时滞系统不存在渐近稳定性质的基本理论及无渐近稳定的充分条件。