Relevance of chlorine-substituent for the antifungal activity of syringomycin and syringotoxin,metabolites of the phytopathogenic bacteriumPseudomonas syringae pv.syringae

Structural analogues of syringomycin and syringotoxin were produced by fermentation, characterized by FAB-MS and amino acid analysis and compared to the parent compounds in the antibiosis test againstRhodotorula pilimanae. The C-terminal residue was shown to be important for the activity.     

Genetics of toxin production and resistance in phytopathogenic bacteria

Genes for phytotoxin production have been identified and cloned from several phytopathogenic pseudomonads. These genes comprise physically linked clusters that have been located both on the chromosome and on endogenous plasmids. Contained within these genetic regions are resistance genes specific to those toxins that have a bactericidal component to their activity. DNA sequences required for toxin production are often conserved among bacteria with divergent host specificities, suggesting the ability of toxin genes to be transferred between bacteria. Toxins are usually modulators of plant pathogenicity, their production causing a significant increase in disease severity. In one case, however, toxin production appears to be a major contributor to the basic pathogenicity of a plant pathogenic bacterium.     

转座子诱变甘蓝黑腐病菌所获胞外多糖突变体的类型

据对转转子Ｔｎ５ｇｕｓＡ５诱变甘蓝黑腐病民获得３９株胞外多糖突变休的３种胞外酶活性和在含２％葡萄ＮＹＧＡ培养基上的菌落形态的检测结果，将突变株分成５种类型。Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ杂交结果表明它们的突变位于基因组中的８个不同的位置，其中１个位于已鉴定的ｒｐｆ调控基因簇。     

水稻白叶枯病菌1个毒性相关基因的鉴定

我们曾报道了来自水稻白叶枯病菌真基文库的重级质粒ｐＧＸＮ３０００中含有一个能互补甘蓝黑腐病菌ｒｐｆＧ致病因子调控基因突变全的基因，并通过转座子诱变获得子转座子插在ｐＧＸＮ３０００中的这一基因的转座子插重组质粒，本研究利用这些转座子插入重组质粒，通过标记置换方法构建了不稻白叶枯病菌这一基因的突变菌株，植株试验结果表明，突变株虽然在水稻中仍能正常生长繁殖，但毒性严重降低，说明水稻白叶枯病菌的这一基因在     

丁香假单胞菌黑斑致病变种的侵染途径与群体动态研究

通过用不同方法接种证明,病原细菌可通过伤口和自然孔口侵染青菜(Brassica chinensis)的地上部分。青菜在整个生育期均感病,但在抽苔开花期及结果后感病性稍有下降。出苗至收获时的各个阶段,青菜健叶上都有病原细菌存活。病原细菌在土壤(含病残体)中可存活较长时间。     

水稻白叶枯病菌致病相关基因筛选系统的建立

水稻白叶枯病菌Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae是水稻生产中最严重的细菌性病害之一。本研究采用Tn5转座子随机插入突变的方法构建水稻白叶枯病菌广西菌株K74的突变体库,Southern杂交显示Tn5随机单拷贝插入基因组。通过水稻致病性检测试验,目前获得15个致病力降低50%以上的突变体,为定位Tn5插入突变基因,经质粒拯救、测序、序列分析后发现:4个突变基因为gum基因簇基因,5个为LPS基因簇基因,2个为metB基因,1个为hrpB1基因,2个是与糖合成转移酶相关基因,1个为编码假定蛋白的基因。其中14个突变基因是已知的与致病相关的基因。实验结果表明本研究成功建立了一个筛选水稻白叶枯病菌致病相关基因的系统,为进一步研究水稻白叶枯病致病相关基因,阐明该病的致病机理奠定基础。     

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌BR-01菌株高产抗菌肽培养基的优化及其抗菌肽的鉴定

贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis) BR-01菌株对水稻细菌性条斑病菌(Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola,Xoc)具有较好的拮抗作用。为了提高该菌株的抗菌肽发酵产量和生防价值,对其产抗菌肽培养基进行了优化,并初步鉴定了其抗菌肽的成分。以B.velezensis BR-01菌株无菌发酵滤液对Xoc的抑菌圈直径为评价指标,从7种常见培养基中筛选出最适培养基,通过单因素试验优化初始培养基各组分含量和发酵条件,再利用Plackett-Burman (PB)试验筛选出影响发酵滤液抑菌活性的显著因素,运用响应面分析法获得最优发酵条件。利用PCR分析B.velezensis BR-01基因组中抗菌肽合成相关基因;使用液相色谱-质谱联用(Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer, LC-MS)技术鉴定其产生的抗菌肽。结果表明,B.velezensis BR-01菌株最佳抗菌肽培养基配方与发酵条件为麦芽糖11.89 g/L、酵母提取物13.54 g/L、NaCl 5 g/L、KH₂PO     

Overexpression of rice OsLOL2 gene confers disease resistance in tobacco to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci

LSD1-related proteins of Arabidopsis with LSD1-like zinc finger domains regulate disease resistance and programmed cell death(PCD). We cloned a rice OsLOL2 gene, orthologous to LSDI of Arabidopsis and expressed it in a tobacco plant. Transgenic tobacco lines displayed enhanced disease resistance to a virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (Pst). RT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco lines resulted in upregulation of two pathogenesis-related (PR) protein genes, PR2 and PR5. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco enhances the resistance through the induction of PR pro-teins and hypersensitive response-like reaction.     

物理化学诱变选育冠菌素高产菌株

冠菌素是一种能够引起大豆叶片黄萎病的致病因子.它作为茉莉酸类物质的结构类似物在植物抵抗各种环境胁迫中起着重要作用.但是目前冠菌素产量比较低,这就限制了冠菌素生理作用的广泛研究.本试验通过紫外、亚硝基胍结合诱变选育冠菌素高产突变体,得到的突变体冠菌素产量是出发菌株的1.8倍,命名为M-18.该菌株在18℃下发酵生产冠菌素,产量大幅度提高,发酵周期明显缩短.