An Empirical Study of Effects of Chinese Government＇s Tax Revenue and Expenditure on Its GDP＇s Growth

Public spending is a major policy tool for the government to adjust the macro economic progress. This paper characterizes the effects of shocks in government spending and taxes on Chinese economy growth since 1978. It does so by using a mixed structural VAR （SVAR） approach. Identification is achieved by using institutional information about the tax and spending to identify automatic and discretionary response, and by implication, to infer fiscal shocks. The results show positive government spending shocks as having a positive effect on output, and positive tax shocks as having a negative effects.     

On the mechanism of inhibition of p27 degradation by 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J 2 in lymphoblasts of Alzheimer’s disease patients

It has been proposed that neuroinflammation, among other factors, may trigger an aberrant neuronal cell cycle re-entry leading to neuronal death. Cell cycle disturbances are also detectable in peripheral cells from Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. We previously reported that the anti-inflammatory 15- deoxy-Δ^12,14-prostaglandin J ₂ (15d-PGJ ₂) increased the cellular content of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27, in lymphoblasts from AD patients. This work aimed at elucidating the mechanisms of 15d-PGJ ₂-induced p27 accumulation. Phosphorylation, half-life, and the nucleo-cytoplasmic traffic of p27 protein were altered by 15d-PGJ2 by mechanisms dependent on PI3K/Akt activity. 15d-PGJ ₂ prevents the calmodulin-dependent Akt overactivation in AD lymphoblasts by blocking its binding to the 85-kDa regulatory subunit of PI3K. These effects of 15d-PGJ ₂ were not mimicked by 9,10-dihydro-15-deoxy-Δ^12,14- prostaglandin J ₂, suggesting that 15d-PGJ ₂ acts independently of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activation and that the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl group in the cyclopentenone ring of 15d-PGJ ₂ is a requisite for the observed effects. Received 14 July 2008; received after revision 2 September 2008; accepted 12 September 2008     

超导和准光铁氧体器件的新近发展(一)--铁氧体超导器件的现状与发展

本文综述了微波铁氧体超导器件和毫米波应用的准光环行器的新近发展。这些超小型化具有高性能的高温超导（ＨＴＳ）铁氧体器件和高功率准光环行器的试验成功,将对微波单片集成、混合平面集成和毫米波雷达系统的发展产生重要的影响。将分二部分对上述内容加以叙述。     

CCD精密测量系统及其数字信号处理

介绍了ＣＣＤ精密测量系统中的信号采集和处理的工作原理,阐述了测量系统和数字信号处理芯片（ＤＳＰ芯片）在系统中的工作原理,同时还介绍了测量系统的软件工作过程。文中概要介绍了ＣＣＤ器件的工作原理和ＣＣＤ器件用于测量中的特点。通过本文,我们可以了解到ＣＣＤ精密测量系统中ＤＳＰ芯片的作用。     

特大规模组合电路测试数据产生方法研究

针对特大规模组合电路和全扫描设计电路提出了一种高速测试生成方法。该方法采用有限回溯测试模式产生方法生成测试码,采用ｎ（机器字长）个测试码并行的单故障传播方法模拟验证测试覆盖。测试生成与故障模拟为ｎ对１紧耦合集成方式。该方法运行１０个Ｂｅｎｃｈｍａｒｋ电路,取得了低测试长度、高故障覆盖、高效率的良好效果。     

基于竞争失效模式的数控机床可靠性建模

数控机床是复杂的机电一体化系统,其故障不仅包括由于机械磨损造成的性能退化失效,还包括电子器件等引起的突发性失效,数控机床故障是退化失效和突发失效竞争的结果. 故本文假设突发失效和退化失效相互独立并且都服从Weibull分布,综合考虑突发失效和性能退化之间的相关性和竞争关系进行数控机床可靠性建模研究. 采用最小二乘估计法估计模型参数,运用D检验法进行参数拟和性检验;得出了一种基于竞争失效模式分析的可靠性评估模型. 最后,以15台某系列数控机床60个故障数据对该方法进行验证,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

Betaine homocysteine S-methyltransferase: just a regulator of homocysteine metabolism?

Betaine homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT), a Zn²⁺-dependent thiolmethyltransferase, contributes to the regulation of homocysteine levels, increases in which are considered a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Most plasma homocysteine is generated through the liver methionine cycle, in which BHMT metabolizes approximately 25% of this non-protein amino acid. This process allows recovery of one of the three methylation equivalents used in phosphatidylcholine synthesis through transmethylation, a major homocysteine-producing pathway. Although BHMT has been known for over 40 years, the difficulties encountered in its isolation precluded detailed studies until very recently. Thus, the last 10 years, since the sequence became available, have yielded extensive structural and functional data. Moreover, recent findings offer clues for potential new functions for BHMT. The purpose of this review is to provide an integrated view of the knowledge available on BHMT, and to analyze its putative roles in other processes through interactions uncover to date. Received 26 May 2006; received after revision 3 July 2006; accepted 24 August 2006     

Recent results on hydrogen and hydration in biology studied by neutron macromolecular crystallography

Neutron diffraction provides an experimental method of directly locating hydrogen atoms in proteins, a technique complimentary to ultra-high-resolution [1, 2] X-ray diffraction. Three different types of neutron diffractometers for biological macromolecules have been constructed in Japan, France and the United States, and they have been used to determine the crystal structures of proteins up to resolution limits of 1.5-2.5 A. Results relating to hydrogen positions and hydration patterns in proteins have been obtained from these studies. Examples include the geometrical details of hydrogen bonds, H/D exchange in proteins and oligonucleotides, the role of hydrogen atoms in enzymatic activity and thermostability, and the dynamical behavior of hydration structures, all of which have been extracted from these structural results and reviewed. Other techniques, such as the growth of large single crystals, the preparation of fully deuterated proteins, the use of cryogenic techniques, and a data base of hydrogen and hydration in proteins, will be described.     

有限资源能力下的供需问题研究

将 JIT思想引入供需链管理中 ,建立了具有供应能力、运输能力约束的极小化产品成本费用总额的供需问题计划模型 ,并利用易于求解的线性规划模型 ,提出了一个有效的启发式算法 .该算法可以在多种资源能力平衡的前提下 ,找到较优的供应计划.     

直扩信号的谱检测和神经网络估计

论述了二次谱理论、谱相关理论和神经网络方法在直接序列扩频(DS/SS)信号的检测与估计中的应用,提出了利用谱分析结合神经网络的方法来实现对低信噪比DS/SS信号的参数及其伪码(PN)序列的估计.计算机模拟结果表明,该方法在较低的输入信噪比条件下能良好地工作.