Connecting Internal and External Representations: Spatial Transformations of Scientific Visualizations

Many scientific discoveries have depended on external diagrams or visualizations. Many scientists also report to use an internal mental representation or mental imagery to help them solve problems and reason. How do scientists connect these internal and external representations? We examined working scientists as they worked on external scientific visualizations. We coded the number and type of spatial transformations (mental operations that scientists used on internal or external representations or images) and found that there were a very large number of comparisons, either between different visualizations or between a visualization and the scientists’ internal mental representation. We found that when scientists compared visualization to visualization, the comparisons were based primarily on features. However, when scientists compared a visualization to their mental representation, they were attempting to align the two representations. We suggest that this alignment process is how scientists connect internal and external representations.     

面向对象逻辑语言中的常识知识表示

面向对象程序设计风格和逻辑程序设计风格有其各自的优点和局限性．本文利用ＳＣＫＥ范例的特性，在其中嵌入了常识知识表示模型ＬＸＺ，为大型软件（特别是基于知识的软件）系统的设计提供了一个较有效的环境．     

基于多Agent的智能质量控制系统建模方法

提出一种基于多Agent的智能质量控制系统建模方法.将基于多Agent的方法应用于质量控制过程中,每个质量控制过程作为一个独立的Agent可以降低问题的复杂度.将神经网络技术及案例推理技术应用于Agent的智能决策中,可以有效地解决系统的智能故障模式识别及诊断问题,进而为工序调整和控制提供决策.计算结果表明,该建模方法是可行的.     

推理闭包空间的分离性

目的引入推理闭包空间的T0,T1,T2,Sober以及Urysohn分离性,研究它们的若干性质。方法利用拓扑学中分离性的思想以及研究方法,讨论推理闭包空间的分离性。结果分别给出了它们的定义及相应的等价刻画,证明了T0,T1,T2及Urysohn分离性是可遗传的且在同胚映射下是保持拓扑不变的,得到了诸分离性之间的关系。结论通过推理闭包空间分离性的建立,展现和丰富了逻辑学的拓扑性质。     

分子生物计算在逻辑演算中的应用

DNA计算是一种基于生化反应机理的新型信息处理模式,与基于图灵机思想的电子计算机原理截然不同。近年来,DNA分子生物计算理论、实验技术的快速发展为DNA计算机的实现技术提供了一种新的理论和手段。文章首次尝试了DNA计算在逻辑演算中的应用,拓宽了DNA计算的应用领域。模型的最大优点是反应物可以在溶液中充分混合接触而进行生化反应,充分体现了DNA计算巨大并行性的优点,另外编码数和操作数都是线性增加的。     

基于事例推理的质量故障处理系统设计

在CBR(Case-Based Reason ing)中高速、有效地完成事例的检索,对问题求解的性能有直接影响,当知识库中事例足够多时,事例匹配可能变得简单,但检索的目标却更难达到。为此,以质量管理系统的设计与开发为背景,提出了一种基于事例推理的质量故障处理方法,给出了基于双库结构的质量故障处理系统的总体结构。该设计采用事例推理方法实现故障处理事例的模糊表示,并利用模糊贴近度完成相似处理事例的检索,所描述的事例表示和检索具有很好的实用价值,可使以往的经验及专家知识得以继承,同时有利于质量故障的准确、快速处理。     

基于规划识别的主体协作

以共享规划主体协作理论为基础,提出了基于规划识别的主体协作模式,本方法将根据协作主体的行动和偏好,对协作主体的行动规划进行识别．规划识别过程是一个双向的推理过程,正向推理从主体的意图出发,给出初始规划假设的集合;反向推理从协作主体已经采取的行动出发,通过溯因推理进一步对规划假设进行识别．与共享规划模型比较,本方法在不增加通信的前提下将更好地避免协作主体间的冲突．     

基于案例推理和灰色关联的直觉模糊决策分类模型

针对现有直觉模糊决策方法中指标权重的确定往往仅根据决策矩阵的数据而不考虑决策背景这一缺点,提出一种基于灰色关联和案例推理的分类模型.首先提出一种基于直觉模糊数的灰色关联公式,在此基础上构建基于案例推理的数学模型寻求最优权重以及分类半径,依据最优权重和分类半径对各个方案进行决策.本文提出的分类模型既考虑了专家的主观判断又根据决策矩阵数据,克服了上述缺点.最后通过案例说明了本文方法的合理性和可行性.     

面向大规模数据的特征趋势推理算法

提出一种面向大规模数据的特征趋势推理算法. 首先, 采用Hash函数抽取大规模数据样本, 使用Pam聚类算法和并行K means聚类算法对大规模数据样本进行聚类, 获取最佳聚类结果后, 提取大规模数据聚类的动态特征； 其次, 采用基于特征趋势规则的推理算法, 构建大规模数据特征的趋势规则推理模型, 并通过累计趋势规则方法设计趋势规则算法, 推理大规模数据特征趋势, 解决了推理结果误差较大的问题. 实验结果表明, 该算法对大规模数据特征趋势推理的准确率均值为98.10%, 推理速度增长率为50%, 推理耗时最大均值仅为114.25 s, 能快速准确地完成数据特征趋势推理.     

The material theory of induction and the epistemology of thought experiments

John D. Norton is responsible for a number of influential views in contemporary philosophy of science. This paper will discuss two of them. The material theory of induction claims that inductive arguments are ultimately justified by their material features, not their formal features. Thus, while a deductive argument can be valid irrespective of the content of the propositions that make up the argument, an inductive argument about, say, apples, will be justified (or not) depending on facts about apples. The argument view of thought experiments claims that thought experiments are arguments, and that they function epistemically however arguments do. These two views have generated a great deal of discussion, although there hasn't been much written about their combination. I argue that despite some interesting harmonies, there is a serious tension between them. I consider several options for easing this tension, before suggesting a set of changes to the argument view that I take to be consistent with Norton's fundamental philosophical commitments, and which retain what seems intuitively correct about the argument view. These changes require that we move away from a unitary epistemology of thought experiments and towards a more pluralist position.