泥质烃源岩密度分组及有机质赋存类型初探

选取济阳坳陷沙河街组深湖相暗色泥岩为研究对象,通过不同密度ZnBr2重液浮选,将样品分离成多个密度组分,对各组分检测透射光、荧光、X光衍射等,揭示不同组分有机质赋存类型的差异性.分析结果表明,①组分(密度ρ<1.6g.cm-3)以颗粒有机质为主,有机质与矿物无明显紧密结合关系;②,③组分(1.6g.cm-3<ρ<2.2g.cm-3,ρ>2.2g.cm-3)多见无定形有机质分散于细粒矿物相中,呈橙黄-亮黄色荧光,反映有机质与矿物颗粒紧密共生的赋存特征.进一步对不同密度组分有机质分配的研究表明,①组分结合了烃源岩总有机质质量不到1%;②,③组分结合了烃源岩中90%以上质量的有机质.这反映了有机质和矿物颗粒共生的赋存形式在有机质保存中不可忽视的重要地位.     

颗粒物质中的沉降阻力

作者对颗粒物质中沉降物体受到的阻力进行了资料调研,并对其中的一些基本物理量之间的关系进行了分析和讨论,揭示颗粒物质系统普遍存在的非线性规律.     

煤焦膨胀特性与残灰颗粒物的形成

研究了煤焦的膨胀特性及其对1~5μm残灰颗粒物生成的影响.将一种烟煤筛分为小于63μm,[63~100)μm和[100~200)μm三种粒径,并在实验室沉降炉中进行了热解和燃烧实验,反应温度分别为1 373 K,1 523 K和1 673 K.利用激光粒度分析仪和扫描电子显微镜等对热解和燃烧产物进行了分析.研究结果表明,该种烟煤由于含有较高的镜质组成分,在热解过程中表现出明显的膨胀特性,而且煤粉粒径越小,其镜质组含量越高,因此在热解过程中膨胀越厉害,形成的煤胞型颗粒越多.膨胀厉害的煤焦在燃烧过程中很容易发生破碎,形成更多的1~5μm残灰颗粒物.     

南湖水体多相介质中重金属元素的分布特征

以南湖水体中的水、 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物为研究对象, 对重金属元素的分布与富集情况进行了研究. 结果表明, 不同采样点、 不同相中Zn的含量最高, Cd的含量最低, 但Cd的富集能力最强, 生物膜和悬浮物富集重金属的能力远大于沉积物的富集能力, 且Zn,Cu,Cd和Pb均表现出点源污染的特性; 采用社会科学统计程序（SPSS）相关分析方法分析了重金属元素（Zn,Cu,Cd,Pb,Fe和Mn）在固相介质中的相互关系, 结果显示, 沉积物、 生物膜和悬浮物中元素间的相关性趋势存在着一定差异, 3种固相介质中Cd与Fe的相关系数均大于Cd与Mn的相关系数, 而Pb与Fe的相关系数均小于Pb与Mn的相关系数, 说明铁氧化物对镉环境化学行为的贡献大于锰氧化物, 对铅环境化学行为的贡献小于锰氧化物.     

分形理论在柴油机排气微粒生成机理研究方面的应用

探讨了柴油机排气微粒(PM)的生成机理及结构特征;从柴油机排气微粒的生成过程、结构特征以及分形的内涵出发,用分形理论研究柴油机排气微粒的生成机理是可行的。经过分析,提出了分形理论在柴油机排气微粒生成机理方面的具体研究内容及方向。     

Theoretical construction in physics – The role of Leibniz for Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’

This paper aims at closing a gap in recent Weyl research by investigating the role played by Leibniz for the development and consolidation of Weyl's notion of theoretical (symbolic) construction. For Weyl, just as for Leibniz, mathematics was not simply an accompanying tool when doing physics—for him it meant the ability to engage in well-guided speculations about a general framework of reality and experience. The paper first introduces some of the background of Weyl's notion of theoretical construction and then discusses particular Leibnizian inheritances in Weyl's ‘Philosophie der Mathematik und Naturwissenschaft’, such as the general appreciation of the principles of sufficient reason and of continuity. Afterwards the paper focuses on three themes: first, Leibniz's primary quality phenomenalism, which according to Weyl marked the decisive step in realizing that physical qualities are never apprehended directly; second, the conceptual relation between continuity and freedom; and third, Leibniz's notion of ‘expression’, which allows for a certain type of (surrogative) reasoning by structural analogy and which gave rise to Weyl's optimism regarding the scope of theoretical construction.     

引力场理论的研究

提出了正物质、零物质、虚物质的概念,这些物质概念是建立引力场理论的基础,建立了引力场理论体系,并提出正引力场,0(零)引力场,负引力场的概念,并推导出引力场运动的速度V引为KC2(C为光速,K=1,单位∶m/s),它是宇宙中物质运动的速度上限,并推导出物质的引力场能Φ=KMC3(K=1,单位∶s/m)。     

Dark matter,the Equivalence Principle and modified gravity

Dark matter (DM) is an essential ingredient of the present Standard Cosmological Model, according to which only 5% of the mass/energy content of our universe is made of ordinary matter. In recent times, it has been argued that certain cases of gravitational lensing represent a new type of evidence for the existence of DM. In a recent paper, Peter Kosso attempts to substantiate that claim. His argument is that, although in such cases DM is only detected by its gravitational effects, gravitational lensing is a direct consequence of Einstein's Equivalence Principle (EEP) and therefore the complete gravitational theory is not needed in order to derive such lensing effects. In this paper I critically examine Kosso's argument: I confront the notion of empirical evidence involved in the discussion and argue that EEP does not have enough power by itself to sustain the claim that gravitational lensing in the Bullet Cluster constitutes evidence for the DM Hypothesis. As a consequence of this, it is necessary to examine the details of alternative theories of gravity to decide whether certain empirical situations are indeed evidence for the existence of DM. It may well be correct that gravitational lensing does constitute evidence for the DM Hypothesis—at present it is controversial whether the proposed modifications of gravitation all need DM to account for the phenomenon of gravitational lensing and if so, of which kind—but this will not be a direct consequence of EEP.     

粉末活性炭-超滤膜工艺净化松花江水

为了研究超滤(UF)技术对地表水的处理效果,建造了一座120吨/天的中试规模的膜处理水厂.以松花江水为水源,用粉末活性炭(PAC)吸附作为超滤的预处理工艺,组成了PAC-UF系统.结果表明:PAC-UF工艺的出水浊度在0.15NTU左右,而且不受进水浊度的影响;原水不经过PAC吸附直接超滤时,膜出水有机物浓度和膜进水有机物浓度存在线性关系;UF对UV254的平均去除率在10%左右,对溶解性有机碳(DOC)的平均去除率在8%左右;加入PAC吸附后对有机物的去除有明显提高.     

微流体数字化的科学与技术问题(Ⅱ):物质数字化及物质能量信息统一数字化概念研究

定义的物质数字化是物质自身或相互间的数字化,物质能量信息统一数字化是这三者作为统一体组成部分而协调地各自传输与相互转化的数字化,把数字化界说为微传输与微转化在时间上是节拍化、物理量取值是规整化且该节拍和规整是脉冲序列可控的。阐述了在几何、物理、化学、生物诸方面物质微转化的内容和用途;分析了电效应与流体、化学、生物效应在所述两个数宇化中的互补作用;指出了现有信息数字化和我们的微流体数字化技术为实现两个数字化提供的基础和开辟的道路:指出基础力学体系对微米、纳米系统规模应用的指导意义,认为代表尺寸递减时系统历经3个层次,建议把牛顿力学、量子力学单独指导的第一、第三层次作为现阶段规模应用重点。