用U型管法测定液体的表面张力系数

介绍了用U型管法测定液体表面张力系数的原理和方法。由于采用线阵光电耦合器件(CCD)进行测量,提高了测量精度。     

Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums

Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.     

Clay minerals in surface sediments of the Pearl River drainage basin and their contribution to the South China Sea

Clay minerals have played a significant role in the study of the East Asian monsoon evolution in the South China Sea by being able to track oceanic current variations and to reveal contemporaneous paleoclimaUc changes prevailing in continental source areas. As one of the most important rivers inputting terrigenous matters to the northern South China Sea, the Pearl River was not previously paid attention to from the viewpoint of clay mineralogy. This paper presents a detailed study on clay minerals in surface sediments collected from the Pearl River drainage basin （including all three main channels, various branches, and the Lingdingyang in the estuary） by using the X-ray diffraction （XRD） method. The results indicate that the clay mineral assemblage consists dominantly of kaolinite （35%-65%）, lesser abundance of chlorite （20%-35%） and illite （12%-42%）, and very scare smectite occurrences （generally 〈5%）. Their respective distribution does not present any obvious difference throughout the Pearl River drainage basin. However, downstream the Pearl River to the northern South China Sea, the clay mineral assemblage varies significantly： kaolinite decreases gradually, smecUte and illite increase gradually. Additionally, illite chemistry index steps down and illite crystallinity steps up. These variations indicate the contribution of major kaolinite, lesser illite and chlorite, and very scarce smecUte to the northern South China Sea from the Pearl River drainage basin. The maximum contribution of clay minerals from the Pearl River is 72% to the northern margin and only 15% to the northern slope of the South China Sea. In both glacials and interglacials, kaolinite indicates that the ability of mechanical erosion occurred in the Pearl River drainage basin.     

Investigation of adsorption of surfactant at the air-water interface with quantum chemistry method

Density functional theory （DFT） of quantum chemistry was used to optimize the configuration of the anionic surfactant complexes CH3（CH2）7OSO3^- （H2O）n （n=0-6） and calculate their molecular frequencies at the B3LYP/6-311＋G^＊ level. The interaction of CH3（CH2）7OSO3^- with 1 to 6 water molecules was investigated at the air-water interface with DFT. The results revealed that the hydration shell was formed in the form of H-bond between the hydrophilic group of CH3（CH2）7OSO3^- and 6 waters. The strength of H-bonds belongs to medium. Binding free energy revealed that the hydration shell was stable. The increase of the number of water molecules will cause increases of the total charge of hydrophilic group and S10-O9-C8 bond angle, but decreases of the alkyl chain length and the bond lengths of S10-O11, S10-O12 as well as S10-O13, respectively.     

浅谈桥面破损病害的成因及防治

简述了公路桥梁桥面破损病害的特征,分析了桥面破损的成因,提出了桥面破损的防治对策。     

灌溉技术与节能降耗

农业生产很大程度上依赖灌溉技术。阐述了一些主要的传统灌溉技术及现代节水灌溉技术,提出了在我国推广节水灌溉的必要性。     

沥青路面再生机微波加热机理及数值模拟

针对开口微波场中沥青混凝土路面微波加热机理的探讨，从麦克斯韦波动方程、热力学微分方程出发，建立了开口微波场中微波透射沥青混凝土路面材料时的三维有源非稳态加热模型．利用热力学第一边界条件，选用时域差分法求解耦合的麦克斯韦波动方程及热力学偏微分方程组，得到了各种加热条件下沥青混凝土路面材料中的温度场．实验发现，数值计算的结果与实验结果相当吻合，验证了沥青混凝土路面三维有源非稳态微波加热模型的正确性，为开发可用于沥青混凝土路面再生等大尺寸复合电介质微波加热设备提供了理论基础、设计方法和实验依据．     

可再分散性乳胶粉性能影响因素探讨

采用单因素实验方法,研究了喷雾干燥时喷雾液的粘度、进料量、雾化轮转速、干燥器进出口温度等因素对可再分散性乳胶粉性能指标的影响。结果表明:喷雾液的粘度为0.30~0.15Pa.s,进料泵频率27~30 Hz,雾化轮转速(2~3)×104r/min,干燥塔进风温度150~200℃,出口温度90~100℃时,所得可再分散性乳胶粉外观均匀、固含量高、堆积密度大、平均粒径小、无结块现象,性能指标达到工业生产使用要求。该研究为可再分散性乳胶粉的生产及在建筑砂浆中的应用,提供了可靠的参考依据。     

关口电能表通信配置检测与管理系统的设计

为建立发电公司与电网公司各自准确可靠及时的电能量计量计费系统，本文选择了功能强大的Microsoft VC＋＋6．0作为软件开发平台，以Microsoft SQL Server 2000作为数据库管理平台，开发了一套专门、科学有效的检测与管理系统软件．对全局（公司）或运行现场电能表的通信配置和通信功能进行批量检测，实现关口电能表通信系统准确可靠的运行．     

等离子束表面冶金涂层技术研究与应用

对等离子束表面冶金涂层技术与其他相近技术进行了比较。等离子束表面冶金涂层技术是一种快速非平衡冶金反应过程,类似粉末冶金,原则上可不受组成物的相溶性、熔点、密度等性质的限制,因此不需要预制合金雾化粉,可利用任意粉末的任意配比,获得通常冶金方法不能得到的(组织)物相。等离子束表面冶金涂层技术效率高,操作简便,成本低,应用前景广阔。