基于竞争失效模式的数控机床可靠性建模

数控机床是复杂的机电一体化系统,其故障不仅包括由于机械磨损造成的性能退化失效,还包括电子器件等引起的突发性失效,数控机床故障是退化失效和突发失效竞争的结果. 故本文假设突发失效和退化失效相互独立并且都服从Weibull分布,综合考虑突发失效和性能退化之间的相关性和竞争关系进行数控机床可靠性建模研究. 采用最小二乘估计法估计模型参数,运用D检验法进行参数拟和性检验;得出了一种基于竞争失效模式分析的可靠性评估模型. 最后,以15台某系列数控机床60个故障数据对该方法进行验证,说明了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

基于效用的公司证券定价与资本结构选择

考虑到市场的不完备性,本文基于效用无差别定价原理,研究公司证券主观价值,分析最优资本结构,计算最优破产触发水平. 本文发现：1)对于给定的债券发行量,随着非系统风险增加,股权主观价值逐渐减小,财务杠杆逐渐增大,这一结果与完备市场相反;2) 与完备市场下资本结构相比,非完备市场下最优财务杠杆较小,债权的收益率溢价较大;3)股权的系统风险和非系统风险溢价随着公司收益流增加而减少;4) 投资者的风险态度和非系统风险对破产选择、股权和债权的主观价值有显著影响.     

飞行器健康监控的概念及其发展

飞行器健康监控技术是当前国内外的一个研究热点，其应用对于提高飞行器的可靠性、安全性和经济性具有重要的意义。文章从健康监控技术的概念、发展及相关技术三个方面进行了介绍。     

多米诺骨牌理论中的人为失误与风险管理(英文)

通过介绍多米诺骨牌理论在风险管理中的作用原理,提出海事风险管理应主要以控制人为失误为主的观点,深入分析人为失误的原因,提出控制人为失误的方法,总结多米诺骨牌理论的优缺点.     

统一碳税和差异化碳税下的再制造绩效评价

分别在无碳税、统一碳税和差异化碳税三种政策下,构建了垄断制造商的利润最大化决策模型,研究实施不同碳税政策对制造商的再制造生产决策、碳排放和社会福利的影响.研究表明:相比于无碳税政策,政府征收碳税减少了制造商的利润和碳排放,在一定条件下有利于提高社会福利;实施碳税政策有利于鼓励更多类型的制造商参与再制造,并且差异化碳税比...     

社会责任影响下研发创新与医药供应链协调决策

基于医药制造商和医疗机构同时关注消费者剩余视角,把研发创新和医保支付作为影响消费者效用的内生因素,刻画不同决策模型中社会责任对均衡结果的影响.研究表明:无论是医药供应链整体,还是医药制造商单独关注社会责任,都有利于提升研发创新能力;在非合作决策下,医药制造商积极履行社会责任可有效控制药品批发和零售价格,增加利益相关者的...     

带有两种营销模式的供应链合作广告协调模型

本文考虑了带有直营店和代理商两种营销模式的Newsvendor型产品合作广告问题,分别建立了分散决策和集中控制下制造商和代理商的最优广告决策模型,分析了需求的随机性及直营店的营销模式对供应链双方广告决策的影响．给出了一个基于地方促销广告费用分摊的策略以实现供应链协调．最后,用数值仿真验证了本文的相关结论并得到一些重要的管理启示．     

Forecasting with Micro Panels: The Case of Health Care Costs

Micro panels characterized by large numbers of individuals observed over a short time period provide a rich source of information, but as yet there is only limited experience in using such data for forecasting. Existing simulation evidence supports the use of a fixed‐effects approach when forecasting but it is not based on a truly micro panel set‐up. In this study, we exploit the linkage of a representative survey of more than 250,000 Australians aged 45 and over to 4 years of hospital, medical and pharmaceutical records. The availability of panel health cost data allows the use of predictors based on fixed‐effects estimates designed to guard against possible omitted variable biases associated with unobservable individual specific effects. We demonstrate the preference towards fixed‐effects‐based predictors is unlikely to hold in many practical situations, including our models of health care costs. Simulation evidence with a micro panel set‐up adds support and additional insights to the results obtained in the application. These results are supportive of the use of the ordinary least squares predictor in a wide range of circumstances. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The US Dollar/Euro Exchange Rate: Structural Modeling and Forecasting During the Recent Financial Crises

The paper investigates the determinants of the US dollar/euro within the framework of the asset pricing theory of exchange rate determination, which posits that current exchange rate fluctuations are determined by the entire path of current and future revisions in expectations about fundamentals. In this perspective, we innovate by conditioning on Fama–French and Carhart risk factors, which directly measures changing market expectations about the economic outlook, on new financial condition indexes and macroeconomic variables. The macro‐finance augmented econometric model has a remarkable in‐sample and out‐of‐sample predictive ability, largely outperforming a standard autoregressive specification. We also document a stable relationship between the US dollar/euro Carhart momentum conditional correlation (CCW) and the euro area business cycle. CCW signals a progressive weakening in economic conditions since June 2014, consistent with the scattered recovery from the sovereign debt crisis and the new Greek solvency crisis exploded in late spring/early summer 2015. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.