Preliminary report on the genetic structure of Glyphoglossus molossus (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Khorat Plateau,north-eastern Thailand

Glyphoglossus molossus, is one of the most economically important amphibians in the Khorat Plateau, north-eastern Thailand. It is categorised as a near-threatened species by IUCN due to over-exploitation. Here, we examined the genetic structure of G. molossus using partial mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene sequences from specimens collected at 11 localities. The sequence analysis revealed the presence of 15 haplotypes, 5 of which are shared by 2 or more populations, and 10 haplotypes that are confined to a single population. The relatively low haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities suggest that the Phu Phan Mountain Range is not high enough to act as an effective dispersal barrier between the Sakon Nakhon and Khorat Basins. However, AMOVA and phylogenetic analyses based on Maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) strongly supported the presence of two genetically divergent clades, Sakon Nakhon Basin and the northern part of the Khorat Basin (clade A) and the southern part of the Khorat Basin (clade B). These two lineages are separated by substantial geographical distance, which has putatively resulted in a reduction of gene flow. Further studies, with more extensive genetic sampling, especially from throughout the species range will aid in better interpreting our results.     

银行卡网络价格结构与刷卡消费组合决策模型

针对银行卡网络价格结构与刷卡消费之间复杂的关联问题,引入双边市场理论和组合决策思想,以实现银行卡网络整体发展为目标,基于Wright等设计的银行卡网络交换费优化模型,建立了银行卡网络价格结构与刷卡消费组合决策模型.通过加入扰动因子、采用双适应值比较和保留边界不可行解改进了粒子群算法,解决了模型的求解难题,为合理制定银行卡网络价格结构提供了一种新方法,同时拓宽了双边市场理论的应用领域,在电子支付管理领域具有广阔的应用前景.     

基于线圆结构和LINGO的机器人避障路径选择

静态环境下机器人行走全局规划路径是机器人行走路径的核心问题。针对机器人在平面区域内绕过不同障碍到达目标点的最短路径和最短时间路径进行研究,通过线圆结构和非线性规划基本模型,建立绕单和多（五）个障碍点非线性规划模型,使用lingo软件和穷举法,得到了机器人避障最短路径、最短时间路径、各切点坐标和所需时间。     

Forward Rates,Monetary Policy and the Economic Cycle

The short end of the yield curve incorporates essential information to forecast central banks' decisions, but in a biased manner. This article proposes a new method to forecast the Fed and the European Central Bank's decision rate by correcting the swap rates for their cyclical economic premium, using an affine term structure model. The corrected yields offer a higher out‐of‐sample forecasting power than the yields themselves. They also deliver forecasts that are either comparable or better than those obtained with a factor‐augmented vector autoregressive model, underlining the fact that yields are likely to contain at least as much information regarding monetary policy as a dataset composed of economic data series. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

敦煌莫高窟蒸散量的估算与非线性分析

通过应用野外称重法测定的折算系数对莫高窟林地的蒸散量进行估算与分析。结果表明,莫高窟林地的年蒸散量为6091mm,符合耗散结构的非线性原理,是较高水平蒸散耗散结构存在的表现。莫高窟林地75%的水分是通过植物根系将深层土壤水分转运出地面后以蒸腾的形式耗散掉的。蒸散量作为各参与因子时空异质性的综合反映,随着土壤水分状况、气候环境、植被种类和植物体量的变化呈现广泛非线性表现。而非线性系统不满足线性叠加原理。因此,本文通过使用折算系数,避免了用蒸发量和蒸腾量的简单的相互叠加,充分考虑了土壤蒸发、植被蒸腾和气候环境之间的相互影响。研究发现,莫高窟林地蒸散量是极干旱气候条件下高水分耗散结构的典型代表。     

基于博弈论的开放环境下场景规约监控语义

在开放环境中,环境和系统本身行为的改变可能使得软件系统的实现不再满足原来规约,从而最终导致软件失效的发生.运行时监控是一种轻量级的形式化动态验证技术,已成为开放环境下检测软件失效的基本手段.针对基于场景的规约属性序列图,从博弈论的角度定义其多值监控语义:满足、无限可控、系统有限可控、系统紧急可控、环境有限可控、环境紧急可控和违例.通过多值监控语义的定义,监控器能够根据当前轨迹尽可能早地检测到系统失效或异常,并提供足够信息为失效的预防和恢复服务.实例研究表明了属性序列图多值监控语义的实用价值,并显示了其广泛的应用前景.     

时滞控制系统变结构控制器的一种等效设计方法

本文对时滞控制系统的变结构控制器提出了一种等效的设计方法。此方法因只需对相应的无时滞控制系统进行变结构控制器设计,所以不仅简化了变结构控制器本身的设计,而且也相应的简化了切换面的设计。同时,还给出了这种等效方法的时滞范围及系统数值仿真,仿真结果表明此方法的可行性及其效果的优良性。