一种基于萘酰亚胺神经介质模拟物荧光增强型探针

神经毒剂,如沙林、梭曼和塔崩等都是剧毒的有机磷化合物,可以用作化学武器,主要是抑制乙酰胆碱酶的活性,进而引起神经系统的紊乱,所以快速方便地检测此类化合物具有重要的意义.设计并合成了一种以萘酰亚胺为荧光团、肼基作为活性基团的快速响应荧光探针(PND),该探针可用于检测神经毒剂模拟物:氯磷酸二乙酯(DCP)和氰基磷酸二乙酯(DCNP),而且表现出了高选择性和高灵敏度.     

Realism without tears I: Müller’s Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies

The Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies has been and continues to be enormously influential in the physiology, psychology, and philosophy of perception. In simple terms, the Doctrine states that we directly perceive in the first instance the activity of our nerves, rather than properties in the external world. The canonical early statement of the Doctrine by the physiologist Johannes Peter Müller had profound influence on both the philosophy and psychology of the 19^th and early 20^th centuries, especially as reformulated and transmitted by Müller’s student Helmholtz. A common assumption of historical and ongoing debate about the Doctrine has been its supposedly idealist or skeptical implications. What is not commonly recognized is that Müller himself advanced a realist interpretation along lines that would be recognized today as a form of epistemic structural realism. This paper analyzes Müller’s structuralist epistemology in detail and reconstructs his articulation and defense of the Doctrine of Specific Nerve Energies in its canonical form. Part II argues for the continued importance of the Doctrine and its structuralist interpretation for contemporary psychology, philosophy of perception, and history of philosophy of science.     

[H~+]对从克氏螯虾(Cambarus clarki)第一触角内侧枝记录的动作电位放电的影响

应用电生理学方法,研究了[H~+]对从克氏螯虾离体第一触角内侧枝记录的触角神经动作电位的影响.结果表明,[H~+]对该神经动作电位的发放具有抑制作用.在一定范围内,H~+浓度越高,抑制作用越强;当pH值低于渔业水体最高允许酸度(pH 6.5)时,表示该电位的放电频率与作用时间(1～5×256×1000ms)关系的回归直线方程的b值等于或小于-0.083,而F_5/F_1比值等于或小于0.69,与pH7.0比较,差异显著(p<0.05,或p<0.01);当b≤-0.181或F_5/F_1≤0.25时,水体的酸度已达到强酸水平(pH2).这说明把pH6.5作为渔业水体的最高允许酸度是合适的.     

一个腓骨肌萎缩家族

本文报道一个腓骨肌萎缩家族,调查涉及四代,其中有5人患病(4男,1女)根据家谱分析,本症符合常染色体显性遗传规律。     

反射的结构基础讨论

本文指出,反射弧是对神经系统的结构构筑的割裂与拼凑,神经系统中不存在能对应反射完成的“中枢”结构。认为视网膜内层是由多种神经组织有序构筑的更高一级结构层次结构,它具有信息处理能力而非简单的感受器。初步论证了神经节、神经核及其他神经组织有序构筑结构都具有信息处理能力。提出,神经系统的工作方式是以神经元兴奋[1]和静止[0]有序空间组合变化为形式的信息流的连续处理。神经冲动不是神经系统对刺激作出的唯一反应形式,只包含部分刺激信息内容。反射不是神经系统中某一结构的功能表现,而是许多神经组织构筑结构间相互联系及与非神经组织相联系的外部表现。     

Alzheimer's disease: fundamental and therapeutic aspects

Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of progressive and debilitating dementia affecting aged people. In some early — as well as late-onset familial cases, a genetic linkage with chromosomes 14, 21 (early-onset) or 19 (late-onset) has been indicated. Furthermore, a direct or indirect role has been attributed to normal or structurally altered amyloid -protein (concentrated in senile plaques) and/or excessively phosphorylated tau protein (located in neurofibrillary tangles). Degeneration of cholinergic neurons and concomitant impairment of cortical and hippocampal neurotransmission lead to cognitive and memory deficits. Several compounds are being tested in attempts to prevent and/or cure Alzheimer's disease, including tacrine, which has very modest efficacy in a sub-group of patients, and new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. Pilot experiments have also been launched using nerve growth factor (NGF) to prevent or stabilize the processes of cholinergic pathway degeneration. Alternatively, antioxidants, free radical scavengers and/or non steroidal anti-inflammatory agents may be screened as potential therapies for neurodegenerative diseases induced by multiple endogenous and/or exogenous factors. The recent use of transgenic mice, in parallel with other genetic, biochemical and neurobiological systems, in vivo and/or in vitro (cell cultures), should accelerate the discovery and development of specific drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.     

高分辨力超声对糖尿病合并腕管综合征诊断价值的研究

目的通过高分辨力超声对糖尿病合并腕管综合征正中神经横截面积的测量,探讨高分辨力超声对糖尿病合并腕管综合征的诊断价值.方法以就诊的80例患者为研究对象,经检测发现,Ⅱ型糖尿病组患者(DM)30例,非Ⅱ型糖尿病组患者(non-DM)50例.进一步经过临床表现、查体及电生理检查发现,DM组的60只手腕中有32只CTS手腕,而non-DM组的100只手腕中有58只CTS手腕.因此,本研究根据同一时期来医院检查身体的30例正常人的60只手腕设为对照组,即A组;80例患者分为3个实验组,分别为B组:58只non-DM组的CTS手腕(CTS);C组:28只DM组的非CTS手腕(DM组);D组:32只DM组的CTS手腕(DM-CTS).于豌豆骨水平及钩骨钩水平分别测量并比较上述4个实验组的正中神经CSA值,分析评价各组间的统计学差异,得出相应结论.结果 1)CTS组及DM合并CTS组的正中神经豌豆骨水平及钩骨钩水平的CSA值均较对照组及DM组增大(P0.05);2)DM组的正中神经豌豆骨水平及钩骨钩水平CSA值较对照组相比增大(P0.05);3)单纯CTS组的正中神经豌豆骨和钩骨钩水平的CSA值较DM组(不合并CTS)增大(P0.05);4)DM合并CTS实验组的正中神经豌豆骨水平及钩骨钩水平的CSA值与CTS组相比无显著性差别(P0.05).结论高分辨力超声对于腕管综合征、合并糖尿病的腕管综合征的临床诊断有一定价值,可为临床提供参考.     

蛙坐骨神经-腓肠肌标本制备方法的改进

采用“先离体法”和“后离体法”两种方法制备蛙坐骨神经-腓肠肌标本，通过实验记录，对标本的收缩机能进行了比较．结果表明后离体法制备的标本单收缩幅度高，潜伏期和舒张期时程缩短，并对其原因进行了分析与讨论．     

脑室内注入TRH对大鼠肝脏ATP代谢影响的核磁共振分析

在大鼠侧脑室内注入促甲状腺激素释放激素（hydrotropic releasing hormone,TRH)，利用32P－核磁共振法测定活体大鼠肝脏中的含磷化学物质，并观察TRH对肝脏代谢的影响，研究证明：TRH通过中枢神经系统影响肝脏中ATP的代谢，由侧脑室注入TRH，使肝脏中ATP含量显著增加，且呈剂量一效应关系，此作用由于副交感神经的阻断剂阿托品的加入而消失，由此可以认为，TRH经副交感神经影响肝脏的代谢。