Fabrication and Characterization of Chitosan Nerve Conduits with Microtubular Architectures

Porous multi-channel chitosan conduits were fabricated using a novel phase-separation technique with an axial temperature gradient. First, porous chitosan tubes were made with a mold that was composed of two concentric polytetrafiuoroethylene tubes. Then 1%-3% （w/v） chitosan solution was injected into the chitosan tube while the two ends of the tube were closed with steel rods. Then the outside of the tube was wrapped with a layer of thermal insulating material to reduce the heat transfer through the outside, and the tubes were placed in a freezer. The resulting phase separation then occurred in the presence of an axial temperature gradient. The porosity, microtubule diameter, and orientation were controlled by adjusting the polymer concentration and temperature gradient. After the preparation course, no poisonous substances remained on the conduits. The mechanical properties, swelling, and biodegradability of the chitosan conduits were investigated, and a scanning electron microscope was used to observe the tubular morphology and growth of neuroblastoma cells （N2A, mouse） in the conduits. The results demonstrate that the multi-channel chitosan conduits have suitable mechanical strength, swelling, degradation properties, and nerve cell affinity, so they hold promise for use as neural tissue engineering scaffolds.     

基于BP神经网络模型的高等教育学费研究

高等教育学费是当前的一个热点问题。以部分高校的相关数据作为样本,建立基于BP算法的神经网络模型。首先对样本数据进归一化处理,然后利用matlab进行模型的运算与分析,确定了高等教育学费的四个主要影响因素对学费影响程度的大小,从而得到了一个较为精确的高等教育收费数学模型。     

降钙素基因相关肽在受损SD大鼠面神经运动神经元中的表达与定位

目的：研究降钙素基因相关肽（calcitonin gene—related peptide。CGRV）在面神经损伤后再生过程中面神经运动神经元中的表达变化．方法：健康SD大鼠分别行左侧面神经茎乳孔压榨术,术后饲养3、7、14、21、28、35d,取出脑干含面神经核团部分,用免疫组化及图像分析技术,观察面神经核中的CGRP在面神经再生中的变化．结果：CGRP分布于正常SD大鼠面神经各亚核。面神经损伤后3d。损伤侧的面神经核中CGRP比对照侧增强．图像分析CGRP灰度值与对照侧比较,差异显著（P〈0．05）;损伤后7d达最高峰（P〈0．05）,以后尽管显著表达但渐减．结论：损伤导致CGRP在面神经运动神经元中的表达增加,提示CGRP在面神经再生修复过程中发挥调理作用．     

霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶逆行追踪大鼠幽门括约肌神经纤维

目的:胃幽门括约肌是胃肠动力调控的重要装置和结构,探讨胃幽门括约肌神经纤维的来源,特别是内源性神经元的支配,更好地了解幽门括约肌神经支配与胃肠功能的相互关系.方法:采用霍乱毒素结合辣根过氧化物酶(CB-HRP)逆行神经通路追踪法显示幽门括约肌神经纤维的分布与胞体定位.结果:幽门括约肌处以及胃前壁、胃大弯侧壁肌内均可观察到HRP标记的阳性神经元胞体.小肠、迷走孤束核复合体出现HRP阳性标记细胞.在胃肠壁内观察到HRP标记细胞中的VIP或NO双重标记的存在.结论:幽门括约肌以及胃肠内固有的肠神经系统及外源性自主神经均参与对括约肌调控的神经机制.     

甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经的意义

目的探讨甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经（RLN）对预防和减少喉返神经损伤的意义.方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的578例甲状腺结节患者资料,268例显露喉返神经,310例按传统方法对喉返神经走行区进行保护,未显露喉返神经.结果显露喉返神经组（A组）神经暂时性损伤2例,无永久性损伤,总损伤率0.75%;未显露喉返神经组（B组）暂时性...     

基于多特征集成分类器的人脸表情识别

提出基于多特征集成分类器的人脸表情识别新算法。新算法首先对预处理后的人脸表情图像通过3种不同的特征提取方法来提取不同类型的表情特征,然后对不同特征构造不同的分类器,最后构造一个基于神经网络的集成分类器模型,对这3个分类器的输出进行决策融合,从而实现人脸表情的最终识别。在JAFFE人脸表情数据库中的试验结果表明,所提算法的识别效果优于单个特征和单一的分类器。     

Divisional and hierarchical innervations of G. gecko’s toes to motion and reception

As a member of robot families, climbing robots have become one of the research hot-spots in the robotic field recently and Gekko gecko （G. gecko） has been broadly seen as an ideal model for climbing robot development. But for gecko-mimic robots, one of the key problems is how to design the robot＇s foot. In this paper, （1） high-speed camera recording and electrophysiological method are used to observe motion patterns of G. gecko＇s foot when it climbs on different oriented surfaces; （2） nerve innervations of gecko＇s toes to motion and reception are studied. It is found that the five toes of the G. gecko can be divided into two motion and reception divisions, and also its motion and reception are modulated and controlled hierarchically. The results provide important information and exclusive ideas for the foot design and control algorithm of gecko-mimic robots.     

一类拟线性神经传播方程的紧LOD差分格式

通过引入变量将方程从形式上降阶,提出了求解一类拟线性神经传播方程的紧局部一维（LOD）差分格式,并应用能量方法给出了格式的误差估计,得到该格式在L^2模下具有O（Δt^2＋h^4）的精度．最后通过数值例子验证了算法的有效性．     

Mechanism for chronic pain generation

Neuropathic pain and the other abnormalities of sensation induced by axon injury or by peripheral nerve inflammation should result from functional compensations of the injured neurons during their regeneration. Ectopic distribution of proteins related to Na⁺, K⁺ and Ca²⁺ channels as well as of receptors on both membranes of injured axon and its cell body becomes a main pacemaker from which spontaneous ectopic afferent of primary sensatory neurons and crosstalk between neurons occur. Abnormal ectopic afferent activities lead to disorders of the sensation, such as hyperalgesia, allodynia, spontaneous pain and paraesthesia. Administration of some ion channel agents and/or α2-adrenergic blockers has shown efficiency in preventing neuropathic pain development and in relieving neuropathic pain.     

ELISA对毒理实验动物血清中神经生长因子抗体动态的研究

用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对神经生长因子（ＮＧＦ）毒理实验动物犬和大鼠血清作了抗－ＮＧＦ抗体检测。结果表明在大鼠血清中没有发现抗－ＮＧＦ抗体,但犬血清中有相应的抗体产生,并随注射剂量增加和注射时间延长而逐渐升高,另外,对ＥＬＩＳＡ间接法和竞争抑制法进行了比较,结果表明,竞争抑制法明显优于间接法,而且是一种简便、特异的好方法。