形变热处理对Ti-Nb-Zr合金组织及超弹性行为的影响

Ti-Nb-Zr合金具有低弹性模量、高强度以及优异的生物相容性,在生物医用材料领域备受关注。Ti-Nb-Zr合金的超弹性归因于β?α″相变。综述了Ti-Nb-Zr合金的弹性模量和超弹性的影响因素及变化规律。通过添加合金元素来调整相变温度和滑移临界应力,应力诱发马氏体相变更易发生,β相塑性变形延迟出现,获得更大的相变应变和恢复应变。总结了Ti-Nb-Zr合金的形变热处理与超弹性效应之间的关系和作用机制。冷轧后短时间热处理可以增加位错滑移的临界应力、避免其他相（ω或α相）的生长,保持β相的稳定性、提高合金的恢复应变和超弹性。     

一种新的超弹性形状记忆合金本构模型

Graesser模型以应力-应变增率形式表述了形状记忆合金(SMA)本构关系,具有形式简单、能反映SMA动态力学特性的优点;但忽略了加载路径对模型参数的影响,造成预测误差.依据超弹性SMA的拉伸试验结果,在Graesser模型基础上提出了改进模型:将滞回曲线分为加荷阶段、卸荷至马氏体逆相变完成阶段、母相弹性卸荷阶段三部分,每部分采用各自的参数.数值模拟比较表明:改进模型能很好地捕捉超弹性SMA在静荷下的应力-应变特征,在一定程度上反映加荷速率对其滞回性的影响,且较Graesser模型具有更高的预测精度.     

Effects of aging treatment on the microstructure and superelasticity of columnar-grained Cu<Subscript>71</Subscript>Al<Subscript>18</Subscript>Mn<Subscript>11</Subscript> shape memory alloy

The effect of aging treatment on the superelasticity and martensitic transformation critical stress in columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ shape memory alloy (SMA) at the temperature ranging from 250°C to 400°C was investigated. The microstructure evolution during the aging treatment was characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the plate-like bainite precipitates distribute homogeneously within austenitic grains and at grain boundaries. The volume fraction of bainite increases with the increase in aging temperature and aging time, which substantially improves the martensitic transformation critical stress of the alloy, whereas the bainite only slightly affects the superelasticity. This behavior is attributed to a coherent relationship between the bainite and the austenite, as well as to the bainite and the martensite exhibiting the same crystal structure. The variations of the martensitic transformation critical stress and the superelasticity of columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ SMA with aging temperature and aging time are described by the Austin–Rickett equation, where the activation energy of bainite precipitation is 77.2 kJ·mol?1. Finally, a columnar-grained Cu₇₁Al₁₈Mn₁₁ SMA with both excellent superelasticity (5%–9%) and high martensitic transformation critical stress (443–677 MPa) is obtained through the application of the appropriate aging treatments.     

形状记忆合金热力学非线性方程的求解方法

形状记忆合金是近期发展起来的新型功能材料，在土木工程中的应用尚处于起步阶段，该材料的热力学本构方程是一个非线性方程，变量之间相互循环嵌套，给方程的求解带来许多困难，为了使该方程能在工程实际中得以应用，文章提出了一种以马氏体百分数为切入点的求解方法，并进行了实例验算，研究表明该方法简单可行、运算速度快、计算准确，上有广阔的应用前景。     

新形式超弹性形状记忆合金线材力学性能试验研究

超弹性是形状记忆合金(SMA)的重要特性之一.鉴于钢绞线在力学性能上的优势,提出一种新形式的SMA线材--SMA绞线,其目的在于将其埋设到土木工程领域的混凝土构件中.通过试验,主要研究了应变幅值和加卸载循环次数对普通圆截面SMA丝材和SMA绞线的应力诱发马氏体相变应力、残余应变、最大相变应变和耗能能力的影响.研究结果表明,SMA绞线比SMA丝具有更好的力学性能.建议在工程应用中将SMA的线材形式作为一项影响其超弹性力学性能的因素.