2019年光学热点回眸

 随着激光的诞生，光学已渗透到人类生活的方方面面。盘点了未来可能会对人类生存及生活方式产生巨大影响的微纳光学、超强激光、成像技术、量子通信、太赫兹技术、光学通信、生物光子学、人工智能用于光学检测8个光学技术研究领域，回顾了这些领域在2019年的重大进展。     

介孔固体新材料氧化硅气凝胶的研究

氧化硅气凝胶是一种低密度、高孔隙率的纳米非晶固态材料,也是一种极具应用前景的介孔固体材料．采用溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥技术,制备出品质优良的二氧化硅气凝胶,采用ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ、ＢＥＴ等手段对样品的比表面积、孔隙率及力学性质等进行了初步研究．     

基于非欧空间差异性度量的图像标注

社会媒体网站上图像数量的飞速发展,极大地激发了人们研究基于标注的图像语义检索的热情.然而,由于图像低层特征和高层语义间鸿沟的存在,导致许多基于标注的图像语义检索技术不能达到令人满意的效果.为此,文中提出一种新颖的图像标注方法——基于最大后验概率的高阶统计标注法.该方法首先使用高阶统计法计算图像的三阶差异性特征,以达到更好描述图像间相关性的目的;然后,使用基于高斯混合模型和差异性增量扩散的最大后验概率算法,来估计每个标签与图像内容的相关值;最后,通过Flick图像数据库上的实验,来验证文中所提算法的有效性.     

微波辐射β分子筛负载SO_4~(2-)/Fe_2O_3固体超强酸催化制备2-(2-1H-苯并咪唑基)-苯酚

以邻苯二胺和水杨酸为原料,β分子筛负载SO2-4/Fe2O3固体超强酸催化剂,微波辐射促进合成了2-(2-1H-苯并咪唑基)-苯酚。实验结果表明:n(水杨酸)∶n(邻苯二胺)=1.0∶1.1(水杨酸6.90 g,邻苯二胺5.70 g),固体超强酸相对用量0.10 g,微波辐射功率500 W,微波辐射时间5 min。产率达87.8%,与常规加热方法相比,具有反应速度快、转化率高等优点。     

托马斯·哈代:精神分析小说家之先驱——以《无名的裘德》为例

20世纪以来,精神分析学一直是西方现代派文学的重要理论基础,它对存在主义、超现实主义、荒诞派、表现主义等现代主义流派都产生过直接或间接的影响。英国现实主义作家托马斯·哈代在其小说封笔之作《无名的裘德》中,用深刻、犀利的写作手法将几位主人公的心理活动表现得淋漓尽致。哈代对心理问题的积极探索与透彻研究,堪称精神分析小说家之先驱。     

Study of the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of super long-span cable-stayed bridges

With the increase of span length, the bridge tends to be more flexible, and the wind stability be- comes an important problem for the design and construction of super long-span cable-stayed bridges. By taking a super long-span cable-stayed bridge with a main span of 1 400 m as example, the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of the bridge are investigated by three-dimensional nonlinear aerostatic and aerodynamic stability analy- sis, and the results are compared with those of a suspension bridge with a main span of 1 385 m, and from the aspect of wind stability, the feasibility of using cable-stayed bridge in super long-span bridge with a main span above l 000 m is discussed. In addition, the influences of design parameters including the depth and width of the girder, the tower structure, the tower height-to-span ratio, the side-to-main span ratio, the auxiliary piers in the side span and the anchorage system of stay cables, etc on the aerostatic and aerodynamic stability of su- per long-span cable-stayed bridges are investigated numerically; the key design parameters are pointed out, and also their reasonable values are proposed.     

Development and application research of light weight heat treated B-grade bulletproof steel

The light weight heat treated B-grade bulletproof steel was developed through composition design and optimization based on multiplex alloying, multiplex micro-alloying design ideas and complex phase structure strengthening theory. The puzzle how to avoid the quenching deformation problem of super high strength thin sheet was solved through heat treatment in a die with a set of cooling system. Such B-grade bulletproof steel plate has fine tempered lath martensite structure. The shooting and certification test results showed that the shoot resistance of B- grade bulletproof steel plate can meet the protection demand of Protection specification for cash carrying vehicles （GA 164--2005）. In comparison with B-grade bulletproof steel plate made by one of the companies in Sweden, the weight of the developed B-grade bulletproof steel plate can be decreased by 8 % under the same shoot resistance condition. It will be meaningful for cash truck and anti-hijacking vehicle to realize light weight, energy conservation and emission reduction.     

一种新型充电模式超级电容的探讨

采用恒流转恒压充电模式,设计了一款充电装置,并对实际超级电容样品进行充电实验、测试以及深入研究,结果显示该种充电模式充电效率高,充电效果好。     

超临界压力水在水平同心套管间自然对流换热研究

通过数值计算深入分析了超临界压力条件下水的强烈的物性变化及对流换热的边界条件对水平同心套管间自然对流换热的影响规律,并为高新技术的发展提供一定的理论基础。采用求解原始变量的有限差分法,并利用大型通用计算程序ＰＨＯＥＮＩＣＳ,对控制方程组进行了数值求解。分析了在内、外管表面均为等壁温边界条件或内管为常热流、外管为等壁温边界条件下,同心套管间的流场和温度场;研究了强烈的变物性、内外表面温差及内管壁面上的热流密度等对内、外管壁上自然对流换热系数的影响规律。结果发现：在内管表面热流密度相同的条件下,不同的外管表面温度所对应的内、外管表面温差及对流换热系数有比较大的差异;在某些条件下,随着热流密度的升高,尽管套管内自然对流流速增大,但是自然对流换热能力却下降。     

HT 7U 超导托卡马克极向场电源系统多变量解耦控制分析

在对ＨＴ７Ｕ超导托卡马克极向场电源系统分析中,把等离子体看作是一种理想的电感线圈,根据电磁互感原理建立超导托卡马克极向场电源系统关于等离子体电流的控制数学模型,再利用状态反馈和输入变换对等离子体电流进行解耦控制,从而为实现工程上对极向场电源系统的计算机实时控制提供有效的理论依据