夏热冬暖地区既有建筑屋顶节能改造影响因素分析

针对建筑围护结构热工性能差是导致建筑能耗剧增的主要原因之一的现状,以夏热冬暖地区既有建筑屋顶作为主要研究对象,在实地调研的基础上,结合改造的特殊性,对其受到的影响制约因素进行深入分析,提出相关的设计实践经验与思考。     

湖南省公务员带薪假期旅游趋势与营销策略分析

旅游者的旅游行为特征对于了解旅游者的需求偏好以及制定适当的营销策略与旅游制度至关重要。研究湖南省公务员带薪假期的旅游行为,得出其带薪假期旅游趋势,并提出相应的营销策略,即细分目标市场,提供人性化服务产品,制定灵活的价格策略,充分利用网络的便利性以及注重售后服务。     

土壤湿度对中国西北地区夏季气候年际变率模拟效果的影响

利用耦合陆面过程模式CLM3的全球大气环流模式NCAR CAM3进行2组1979～2000年5～8月的集合试验,研究了表层土壤湿度对中国西北地区夏季气候年际变率模拟的影响。结果表明:在相同海温强迫条件下,采用年际变化的表层土壤湿度(ISSM)时,CAM3模式对于夏季西北地区气温和降水年际变率的模拟能力明显好于采用气候态的表层土壤湿度(CSSM)。计算表明,1979～2000年CSSM试验和ISSM试验模拟的西北地区夏季气温距平与ERA40资料的相关系数分别为0.60和0.65; CSSM试验模拟的西北地区夏季降水距平与CMAP资料的相关系数仅为0.29,而ISSM试验模拟结果与CMAP资料的相关系数为0.48。在相同海温强迫条件下,ISSM试验比CSSM试验能更好地模拟出中国西北地区夏季降水年际变率。     

Asian summer monsoon precipitation recorded by stalagmite oxygen isotopic composition in the western Loess Plateau during AD1875―2003 and its linkage with ocean-atmosphere system

Based on 5 high-precision 230Th dates and 103 stable oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) obtained from the top 16 mm of a stalagmite collected from Wanxiang Cave,Wudu,Gansu,variation of monsoonal precipita-tion in the modern Asian Monsoon (AM) marginal zone over the past 100 years was reconstructed. Comparison of the speleothem δ18O record with instrumental precipitation data at Wudu in the past 50 years indicates a high parallelism between the two curves,suggesting that the speleothem δ18O is a good proxy for the AM strength and associated precipitation,controlled by "amount effect" of the pre-cipitation. Variation of the monsoonal precipitation during the past 100 years can be divided into three stages,increasing from AD 1875 to 1900,then decreasing from AD 1901 to 1946,and increasing again thereafter. This variation is quite similar to that of the Drought/Flooding index archived from Chinese historical documents. This speleothem-derived AM record shows a close association with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) between AD 1875 and 1977,with higher monsoonal precipitation corre-sponding to cold PDO phase and vice versa at decadal timescale. The monsoonal precipitation varia-tion is out of phase with the PDO after AD 1977,probably resulting from the decadal climate jump in the north Pacific occurring at around AD 1976/77. These results demonstrate a strong linkage between the AM and associated precipitation and the Pacific Ocean via ocean/atmosphere interaction. This rela-tionship will aid to forecast future hydrological cycle for the AM monsoon region,and to improve forecasting potential of climatic model with observation data from cave.     

有限容量Geom/Geom/1/MWV离散时间排队

考虑有限容量Geom/Geom/1多重工作休假离散时间排队系统,系统容量为N.建立模型,给出状态转移概率阵,通过求解有限方程组,得出稳态下系统队长分布,并由此得到稳态下顾客消失概率、队长的PGF和平均队长、顾客等待时间的PGF.     

湖北三潭风景区改造对夏季鸟类群落组成及多样性的影响

2012、2013和2015年夏季,对湖北三潭风景区鸟类群落及多样性进行了调查.结果表明,该景区夏季分布鸟类66种,隶属11目31科.鸟类多样性指数为1.464,均匀度指数为0.884.鸟类种类年间变化不明显,但鸟类数量有减少的趋势.尽管总的鸟类种类与景区改造前变化不大,但每年到景区繁殖的鸟类种数有明显减少,说明景区大型的改造工程对鸟类群落组成和多样性造成一定的负面影响.     

Interdecadal variation of tropical cyclone activity in association with summer monsoon, sea surface temperature over the western North Pacific

Based on geographic division over the western North Pacific (WNP), the interdecadal relationships between summer monsoon, sea surface temperature (SST) and tropical cyclones activity (including number, track and intensity) are examined. In the past several decades, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) and tropical westerlies contribute to the interdecadal variation of TC number in the northwest and southeast of WNP respectively. The increased TC occurrence density to the east of Philippines related to TC track appears during the 1990s, in terms of both steer flow induced by WPSH and genesis location. From the interdecadal viewpoint, the tendency of TC intensity, measured by averaged accumulated cyclone energy, does well agree with that of SST, implying that SST plays an important role in TC intensity. Supported by Special Scientific Research Project for Public Interest (Grant No. GYHY200806009) and National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2009CB421505)     

新型肥料对夏玉米产量及籽粒蛋白的影响

以封丘县潮土为研究对象,结合当地常规施肥和不施肥（对照）处理,在大田条件下研究了在200kg／hm^2供氮水平下金阳牌有机无机肥料、金正大控释肥、红四方纳米控失肥3个新型肥料对夏玉米籽粒产量和蛋白质产量的影响．结果表明,在3种新型肥料中,红四方纳米控失肥对提高玉米产量和玉米籽粒蛋白质效果最明显,分别较常规施肥提高16．2％和18．9％;其次为金阳牌有机无机复合肥,其效果仅次于红四方纳米控失肥;最后是金正大控释肥．以上结果表明,在3种新型肥料中,红四方纳米控失肥对夏玉米增产和改善品质效果最好,而其他肥料（金阳有机无机肥、金正大控释肥）的缓控效果不能在当季显现,可能主要是由于夏玉米生育期相对较短引起的．     

具有备用服务员的休假可修排队系统分析

研究了具有备用服务员的休假可修排队系统,其中一个服务员上岗,另一个服务员各用休假.上岗服务员发生故障时,若修理工空闲,则可以立即得到修理;否则,需等待修理.而顾客需等待备用服务员休假结束或者故障服务员修复后继续服务.利用矩阵几何解的方法讨论了系统的稳态平衡条件和稳态概率分布,并得到了系统的一些稳态性能指标和数值结果.     

带有止步和中途退出的修理工有休假的机器维修问题

从排队论角度研究了带止步和中途退出的修理工进行单重休假的机器维修问题.同时,系统中的m台同型机器又构成了一个并联可修系统,文章也从可靠性角度计算出一些有关可靠性的指标.因此,本文利用矩阵解法从排队论角度计算了系统的稳态队长、平均队长;从可靠性角度计算了系统的稳态可用度和系统稳态故障频度.此外,通过数值计算,考察了系统的参数对系统稳态指标的影响.